{"id":5660,"date":"2026-02-11T08:37:30","date_gmt":"2026-02-11T08:37:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pickandplacemachine.com\/?p=5660"},"modified":"2026-05-20T01:47:57","modified_gmt":"2026-05-20T01:47:57","slug":"fiducial-marks-explained-how-pick-and-place-machines-align-pcb-boards","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/pickandplacemachine.com\/vi\/fiducial-marks-explained-how-pick-and-place-machines-align-pcb-boards\/","title":{"rendered":"Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb: C\u00e1ch m\u00e1y \u0111\u1eb7t linh ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb c\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch in (PCB)"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m tham chi\u1ebfu (fiducials) kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 t\u00f9y ch\u1ecdn. Ch\u00fang l\u00e0 \u201ctr\u1ecdng t\u00e0i th\u1ea7m l\u1eb7ng\u201d gi\u00fap m\u00e1y x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \"\u0111i\u1ec3m zero\" khi b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch in (PCB) c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n b\u1ecb xoay nh\u1eb9, d\u1ecbch chuy\u1ec3n nh\u1eb9, cong nh\u1eb9 ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u00f4i khi c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u00f3ng nh\u1eb9 m\u00e0 camera kh\u00f4ng \u01b0a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt gi\u1ecfi l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 \u201c\u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh\u201d v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u0103n ch\u1ec9nh c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y \u0111\u1eb7t linh ki\u1ec7n, trong khi th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch. C\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m tham chi\u1ebfu (fiducials) qu\u00e1 nh\u1ecf, b\u1ecb che khu\u1ea5t b\u1edfi l\u1edbp in m\u1ef1c, n\u1eb1m g\u1ea7n v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed5 (copper pour) g\u00e2y nhi\u1ec5u, v\u00e0 l\u1ed7 m\u1edf c\u1ee7a l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 h\u00e0n (solder mask) tr\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 b\u1ecb c\u1eafn b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t m\u0169i khoan c\u00f9n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V\u1eady th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 \u0111ang x\u1ea3y ra \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">M\u00e1y \u0111\u1eb7t linh ki\u1ec7n (pick-and-place) kh\u00f4ng \u201c\u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb theo b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd CAD\u201d c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. N\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb theo pixel. N\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb theo \u0111\u1ed9 t\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea3n. N\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb theo b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0o m\u00e0 thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u1ecb gi\u00e1c SMT c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f3a ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c \u1edf t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 30.000+ CPH ngay c\u1ea3 khi b\u0103ng t\u1ea3i v\u1eabn \u0111ang rung l\u1eafc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang v\u1eady, ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u1eabn \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 th\u1ea5p m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"what-pcb-fiducial-marks-actually-do-and-what-they-don-t-\">C\u00e1c d\u1ea5u tham chi\u1ebfu tr\u00ean b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch in (PCB) th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 l\u00e0m g\u00ec (v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m g\u00ec)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt ph\u0169 ph\u00e0ng: M\u00e1y m\u00f3c kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n tin t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0o b\u1ea3ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n. N\u00f3 tin t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0o to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Quy tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n th\u01b0\u1eddng di\u1ec5n ra nh\u01b0 sau, d\u00f9 b\u1ea1n \u0111ang s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u00e1y Yamaha, Fuji, Panasonic, ASM, Hanwha, JUKI\u2014h\u00e3y ch\u1ecdn th\u01b0\u01a1ng hi\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>B\u1ea3ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o, k\u1eb9p ch\u1eb7t v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n ch\u1ee5p nhanh \u201cB\u1ea1n \u0111ang \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u?\u201d.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>M\u00e1y \u1ea3nh t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm&nbsp;<strong>D\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd PCB<\/strong>&nbsp;(\u0111i\u1ec3m tham chi\u1ebfu).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft&nbsp;<strong>D\u1ecbch (X\/Y)<\/strong>&nbsp;v\u00e0&nbsp;<strong>G\u00f3c quay (\u03b8)<\/strong>&nbsp;t\u1eeb \u00edt nh\u1ea5t hai \u0111i\u1ec3m.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>C\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n c\u0169ng \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng\/c\u1eaft nh\u1eb9 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u b\u1ed5 sung (t\u00ednh n\u0103ng \u201cb\u00f9 \u0111\u1eafp \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u00e3n c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3ng\u201d m\u00e0 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1eddng khoe trong c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n demo).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Sau \u0111\u00f3, qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u\u2026 v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0110\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n? Kh\u00f4ng h\u1eb3n. B\u1edfi v\u00ec h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh tham chi\u1ebfu hi\u1ebfm khi ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">L\u00f3a s\u00e1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra. S\u1ef1 l\u1ec7ch v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a m\u1eb7t n\u1ea1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra. B\u1ee5i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u00e1m v\u00e0o. Bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra. V\u00e0 khi \u0111i\u1ec3m tham chi\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf k\u00e9m, camera s\u1ebd m\u1ea5t th\u00eam v\u00e0i mili gi\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm\u2014k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n gi\u1ea3m xu\u1ed1ng, v\u00e0 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u cho r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 do v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 c\u1ea5p li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n mu\u1ed1n cam k\u1ebft nh\u00e0m ch\u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi r\u00f5 b\u1eb1ng v\u0103n b\u1ea3n, nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0a n\u00f3 v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t...&nbsp;<strong><a href=\"https:\/\/pickandplacemachine.com\/service-promise\/\">Cam k\u1ebft d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb SMT<\/a><\/strong>, Kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"why-designers-keep-getting-fiducials-wrong\">T\u1ea1i sao c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf li\u00ean t\u1ee5c m\u1eafc l\u1ed7i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m tham chi\u1ebfu?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V\u00ec c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m tham chi\u1ebfu (fiducials) kh\u00f4ng tr\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 \u201cm\u1ea1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1\u201d. V\u00ec v\u1eady, ch\u00fang th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea9y v\u00e0o g\u00f3c cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng. Sau \u0111\u00f3, b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch in (PCB) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eafp r\u00e1p th\u00e0nh b\u1ea3ng, c\u00e1c thanh d\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00eam v\u00e0o, c\u00e1c v\u1ebft c\u1eaft V \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c di chuy\u1ec3n, v\u00e0 \u201cg\u00f3c\u201d c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 g\u00f3c n\u1eefa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ngo\u00e0i ra, c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf b\u1ed1 c\u1ee5c t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn. \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t th\u1ecb gi\u00e1c. Nh\u1eefng m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau n\u00e0y m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn v\u1edbi nhau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Mu\u1ed1n b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng cho th\u1ea5y ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u201ch\u1ed9p ki\u1ec3m tra\u201d \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch th\u00eam c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m tham chi\u1ebfu? M\u1ed9t b\u00e0i b\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9 m\u1ee5c tr\u00ean PubMed n\u0103m 2023 v\u1ec1 ph\u00e2n \u0111o\u1ea1n c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m tham chi\u1ebfu \u0111\u00e3 b\u00e1o c\u00e1o s\u1ef1 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c t\u1eeb ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p U-Net \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i (mARU-Net), \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t v\u00ec c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m tham chi\u1ebfu th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf n\u1eb1m trong c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, nhi\u1ec1u nhi\u1ec5u. \u0110\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c nghi\u1ec7p d\u01b0. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111ang th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38067720\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">B\u1ea3n ghi PubMed cho nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u<\/a>. (<a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38067720\/?utm_source=chatgpt.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">PubMed<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pickandplacemachine.com\/wp-admin\/post.php?post=2811&amp;action=edit\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"960\" height=\"640\" src=\"https:\/\/pickandplacemachine.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Pick-and-Place-Machines3.jpg\" alt=\"M\u00e1y \u0111\u1eb7t v\u00e0 l\u1ea5y linh ki\u1ec7n\" class=\"wp-image-5663\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pickandplacemachine.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Pick-and-Place-Machines3.jpg 960w, https:\/\/pickandplacemachine.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Pick-and-Place-Machines3-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/pickandplacemachine.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Pick-and-Place-Machines3-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/pickandplacemachine.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Pick-and-Place-Machines3-18x12.jpg 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 960px) 100vw, 960px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"fiducial-mark-placement-guidelines-i-actually-trust\">H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1eb7t d\u1ea5u tham chi\u1ebfu m\u00e0 t\u00f4i th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 tin t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ba t\u1eeb: H\u00e3y l\u00e0m cho n\u00f3 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">B\u00e2y gi\u1edd l\u00e0 phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n chi ti\u1ebft, v\u00ec \u201cd\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng\u201d c\u00f3 c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m tham chi\u1ebfu to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u<\/strong>: \u00edt nh\u1ea5t&nbsp;<strong>2<\/strong>, l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0&nbsp;<strong>3<\/strong>, c\u00e1ch xa nhau. \u0110\u1eb7t ch\u00fang \u1edf c\u00e1c g\u00f3c \u0111\u1ed1i di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3ng (ho\u1eb7c thanh ray b\u1ea3ng, n\u1ebfu \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 th\u1ee9 m\u00e0 m\u00e1y nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Th\u00eam c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m tham chi\u1ebfu c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9<\/strong>&nbsp;\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c c\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch ch\u00e2n nh\u1ecf v\u00e0 m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 cao: BGAs, QFNs c\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch ch\u00e2n 0,4 mm, \u00b5BGAs, c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Gi\u1eef ch\u00fang s\u1ea1ch s\u1ebd<\/strong>Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u1edbp in l\u1ee5a, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 v\u0103n b\u1ea3n, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 keo h\u00e0n, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u1ed7 via trong v\u00f9ng c\u1ea5m.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc<\/strong>: Mi\u1ebfng \u0111\u1ed3ng tr\u00f2n, vi\u1ec1n ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn, b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Cho ph\u00e9p<\/strong>: Kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 h\u00e0n v\u00e0 v\u00f9ng c\u1ea5m \u0111\u1ed3ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u201ct\u00f9y ch\u1ecdn\u201d. Ch\u00fang l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh gi\u1eefa m\u1ed9t m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau s\u1eafc n\u00e9t v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ebft nh\u00f2e m\u1edd.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang v\u1eady, t\u00f4i s\u1ebd n\u00f3i th\u1eb3ng: n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n \u0111ang s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c linh ki\u1ec7n th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ecf (01005 c\u00f3 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc 0,4 \u00d7 0,2 mm) m\u00e0 v\u1eabn s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u201cm\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m tham chi\u1ebfu g\u1ea7n logo\u201d, b\u1ea1n \u0111ang m\u1ea1o hi\u1ec3m v\u1edbi t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"global-fiducials-vs-local-fiducials-stop-treating-this-like-a-debate\">\u0110i\u1ec3m tham chi\u1ebfu to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u so v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec3m tham chi\u1ebfu c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9: \u0110\u1eebng coi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c tranh lu\u1eadn.<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0110\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c l\u1eadp ng\u00e2n s\u00e1ch sai l\u1ea7m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m tham chi\u1ebfu to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb tr\u00ed v\u00e0 g\u00f3c quay c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch. C\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m tham chi\u1ebfu c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9 gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m sai s\u1ed1 c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i trong khu v\u1ef1c \u0111\u1eb7t linh ki\u1ec7n quan tr\u1ecdng \u2014 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t khi b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch b\u1ecb cong, t\u1ea5m panel b\u1ecb u\u1ed1n cong ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 sai s\u1ed1 t\u00edch l\u0169y t\u1eeb qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u00e1ch t\u1ea5m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p (m\u1eabu th\u1eed h\u00f4m nay, s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t ng\u00e0y mai), h\u00e3y thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf cho c\u1ea3 hai. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i linh ho\u1ea1t m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng g\u1eb7p tr\u1edf ng\u1ea1i, h\u00e3y xem x\u00e9t&nbsp;<strong><a href=\"https:\/\/pickandplacemachine.com\/solution\/prototype-small-batch-lines\/\">Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n l\u1eafp r\u00e1p SMT cho m\u1eabu th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1ecf<\/a><\/strong>&nbsp;v\u00e0 c\u0169ng&nbsp;<strong><a href=\"https:\/\/pickandplacemachine.com\/solution\/high-speed-mass-production-lines\/\">D\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t SMT t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 cao quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn<\/a><\/strong>\u2014b\u1edfi v\u00ec chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c tham chi\u1ebfu (fiducial strategy) ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 \u1edf 2.000 CPH c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5 \u1edf 35.000 CPH khi th\u1eddi gian chu k\u1ef3 hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u0111i\u1ec3m ngh\u1ebdn. (<a href=\"https:\/\/pickandplacemachine.com\/high-speed-pick-and-place-machines-fuji-nxt-vs-hanwha-vs-asm-comparison\/?utm_source=chatgpt.com\">M\u00e1y \u0111\u1eb7t v\u00e0 l\u1ea5y linh ki\u1ec7n<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"fiducial-mark-size-and-clearance-the-numbers-people-keep-hand-waving\">K\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a d\u1ea5u tham chi\u1ebfu: nh\u1eefng con s\u1ed1 m\u00e0 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eabn \u0111ang b\u00e0n t\u00e1n.<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">T\u00f4i s\u1ebd n\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 l\u1eafp r\u00e1p m\u00e0 t\u00f4i t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec1u h\u00e0i l\u00f2ng v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 trong khu v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0110\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh \u0111\u0129a \u0111\u1ed3ng<\/strong>: ~&nbsp;<strong>1,0 mm<\/strong>&nbsp;(th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn trong kho\u1ea3ng:&nbsp;<strong>0,8\u20131,5 mm<\/strong>)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>L\u1ed7 m\u1edf c\u1ee7a l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 h\u00e0n<\/strong>: ~&nbsp;<strong>2,0\u20133,0 mm<\/strong>&nbsp;(B\u1ea1n mu\u1ed1n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t v\u00f2ng tr\u00f2n s\u1ea1ch s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t n\u1ea1 xung quanh n\u00f3)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>C\u1ea5m v\u00e0o<\/strong>&nbsp;(kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1c chi ti\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u1edbp in m\u1ef1c, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u1ed7 th\u00f4ng): kho\u1ea3ng&nbsp;<strong>2,0\u20133,0 mm<\/strong>&nbsp;Xung quanh c\u1ea1nh tham chi\u1ebfu, t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o g\u00f3c nh\u00ecn c\u1ee7a camera v\u00e0 quy t\u1eafc c\u1ee7a tr\u00ecnh l\u1eafp r\u00e1p.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nh\u01b0ng. V\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng. C\u00e1c \u201ccon s\u1ed1 t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t\u201d ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh m\u00e1y \u1ea3nh: lo\u1ea1i \u1ed1ng k\u00ednh (telecentric so v\u1edbi ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n), \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng (coaxial so v\u1edbi ring), v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n (ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ea1nh so v\u1edbi kh\u1edbp m\u1eabu so v\u1edbi ph\u00e2n \u0111o\u1ea1n d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean ML). \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc DFM cho t\u1eebng d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o c\u00e1c bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 chung chung tr\u00ean internet.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n mu\u1ed1n gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u nh\u1eefng b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd, h\u00e3y t\u00edch h\u1ee3p \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y v\u00e0o t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u quy tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. M\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p b\u00e1n cho b\u1ea1n m\u1ed9t d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh c\u0169ng n\u00ean cung c\u1ea5p&nbsp;<strong><a href=\"https:\/\/pickandplacemachine.com\/solution\/training-after-sales-support\/\">\u0110\u00e0o t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 sau b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng<\/a><\/strong>, B\u1edfi v\u00ec m\u1ed9t n\u1eeda nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n g\u00e2y ra l\u1ed7i c\u0103n ch\u1ec9nh l\u00e0 do c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u1eeda l\u00e0 do th\u00f3i quen thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf PCB. (<a href=\"https:\/\/tsapps.nist.gov\/publication\/get_pdf.cfm?pub_id=958147\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">tsapps.nist.gov<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pickandplacemachine.com\/wp-admin\/post.php?post=2792&amp;action=edit\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"960\" height=\"640\" src=\"https:\/\/pickandplacemachine.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Pick-and-Place-Machines2.jpg\" alt=\"M\u00e1y \u0111\u1eb7t v\u00e0 l\u1ea5y linh ki\u1ec7n\" class=\"wp-image-5662\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pickandplacemachine.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Pick-and-Place-Machines2.jpg 960w, https:\/\/pickandplacemachine.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Pick-and-Place-Machines2-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/pickandplacemachine.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Pick-and-Place-Machines2-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/pickandplacemachine.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Pick-and-Place-Machines2-18x12.jpg 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 960px) 100vw, 960px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"the-fiducial-visibility-problem-nobody-wants-to-admit\">V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u201ct\u00ednh hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb c\u1ee7a d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u tham chi\u1ebfu\u201d m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ai mu\u1ed1n th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">M\u00e1y \u1ea3nh kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n \u201c\u0111\u1ed3ng\u201d. Ch\u00fang nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed9 t\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea3n. V\u00ec v\u1eady, b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">ENIG c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb ch\u00f3i d\u01b0\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng. OSP c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u00f4ng ph\u1eb3ng h\u01a1n. HASL c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1u \u1edf m\u00e9p. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0o trong s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y l\u00e0 nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng\u2014tr\u1eeb khi \u0111i\u1ec3m tham chi\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n qu\u00e1 nh\u1ecf v\u00e0 ch\u1eadt ch\u1ed9i, v\u00e0 l\u1ed7 m\u1edf c\u1ee7a m\u1eb7t n\u1ea1 kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c. L\u00fac \u0111\u00f3, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng quan s\u00e1t b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ph\u1ecfng \u0111o\u00e1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c \u0111o\u00e1n m\u00f2 l\u00e0 t\u1ed1n k\u00e9m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng l\u1eafc \u0111\u1ea7u khi m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c. Vi\u1ec7n Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n v\u00e0 C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 Qu\u1ed1c gia (NIST) \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 m\u1ed9t b\u00e1o c\u00e1o n\u0103m 2024 v\u1ec1 nhu c\u1ea7u khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng cho robot c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, trong \u0111\u00f3 nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c\/th\u1ecb gi\u00e1c m\u00e1y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nhu c\u1ea7u k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i khi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n d\u01b0\u1edbi \u00e1p l\u1ef1c v\u1ec1 lao \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/tsapps.nist.gov\/publication\/get_pdf.cfm?pub_id=958147\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">NIST GCR 24-054 (Th\u00e1ng 6 n\u0103m 2024)<\/a>. (<a href=\"https:\/\/tsapps.nist.gov\/publication\/get_pdf.cfm?pub_id=958147\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">tsapps.nist.gov<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"a-comparison-table-you-can-hand-to-a-pcb-designer\">B\u1ea3ng so s\u00e1nh m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p cho nh\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf m\u1ea1ch in (PCB)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>Ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1<\/th><th>D\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 Fiducial To\u00e0n c\u1ea7u<\/th><th>\u0110i\u1ec3m tham chi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/th><th>\u0110i\u1ec1u t\u00f4i s\u1ebd l\u00e0m trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch<\/td><td>\u0110i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh tr\u1ee5c X\/Y\/\u03b8 \u1edf c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ea3ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n<\/td><td>\u0110i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c g\u1ea7n c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn quan tr\u1ecdng<\/td><td>S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u1ea3 hai tr\u00ean b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 b\u1ea3ng \u201cchuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p\u201d n\u00e0o.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0110\u1ebfm<\/td><td>2 t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u, 3 \u01b0u ti\u00ean<\/td><td>1\u20132 tr\u00ean m\u1ed7i khu v\u1ef1c d\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7c<\/td><td>3 khu v\u1ef1c to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u + khu v\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng cho c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c BGA\/QFN<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>V\u1ecb tr\u00ed<\/td><td>Xa nhau, g\u1ea7n c\u00e1c g\u00f3c\/\u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ray<\/td><td>G\u1ea7n c\u1ee5m th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n<\/td><td>Gi\u1eef c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng trong kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch ~25\u201350 mm so v\u1edbi khu v\u1ef1c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau khi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>R\u1ee7i ro n\u1ebfu sai<\/td><td>To\u00e0n b\u1ed9 b\u1ea3ng di chuy\u1ec3n\/xoay<\/td><td>Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t khu v\u1ef1c b\u1ecb tr\u00f4i d\u1ea1t.<\/td><td>L\u1ed7i to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t nhanh ch\u00f3ng.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Nh\u1eefng sai l\u1ea7m trong thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf<\/td><td>Che gi\u1ea5u b\u1edfi thanh ray, in l\u1ee5a, \u0111\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ed3ng<\/td><td>\u0110\u1eb7t b\u00ean trong v\u00f9ng c\u1ea5m, qu\u00e1 g\u1ea7n c\u00e1c pad.<\/td><td>Kh\u00f3a c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc trong CAD, \u0111\u1eebng \u201c\u0111o b\u1eb1ng m\u1eaft\u201d.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t<\/td><td>B\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 l\u1eafp r\u00e1p m\u1ea1ch in (PCB) n\u00e0o<\/td><td>Kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch nh\u1ecf, m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 cao, b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch cong<\/td><td>D\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n SMT h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p, dung sai ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"real-world-pressure-why-this-matters-more-in-2024-than-it-did-in-2014\">\u00c1p l\u1ef1c th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf: T\u1ea1i sao \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u1ea1i quan tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2024 so v\u1edbi n\u0103m 2014?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ti\u1ec1n t\u1eeb t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a \u0111ang ch\u1ea3y v\u00e0o. \u0110\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t xu h\u01b0\u1edbng. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 v\u1ed1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Reuters \u0111\u01b0a tin v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 6 n\u0103m 2024 r\u1eb1ng Bright Machines \u0111\u00e3 huy \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c&nbsp;<strong>$106 tri\u1ec7u<\/strong>&nbsp;Trong v\u00f2ng g\u1ecdi v\u1ed1n c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 tham gia c\u1ee7a Nvidia v\u00e0 Microsoft, t\u1eadp trung r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a c\u00e1c t\u00e1c v\u1ee5 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t b\u1eb1ng tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o (AI) v\u00e0 th\u1ecb gi\u00e1c m\u00e1y t\u00ednh. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 cho th\u1ea5y ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111ang t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh: lao \u0111\u1ed9ng, t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 t\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/technology\/artificial-intelligence\/ai-focused-manufacturing-startup-raises-106-million-nvidia-others-2024-06-25\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">B\u1ea3n tin c\u1ee7a Reuters<\/a>. (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/technology\/artificial-intelligence\/ai-focused-manufacturing-startup-raises-106-million-nvidia-others-2024-06-25\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Reuters<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n m\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecf qua: ngay c\u1ea3 khi AI \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u00e0o h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, c\u00e1c fiducials v\u1eabn l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m neo d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n. B\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u201cs\u1eed d\u1ee5ng AI \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft\u201d c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau k\u00e9m ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, b\u1ea1n ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u00f4ng minh h\u01a1n, c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng x\u1eed l\u00fd l\u1ed7i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch m\u01b0\u1ee3t m\u00e0 h\u01a1n \u2014 sau khi \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3 gi\u00e1 cho s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ngo\u00e0i ra, nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 robotics \u0111ang ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng x\u1eed l\u00fd ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u0103m 2024 c\u1ee7a MIT v\u1ec1 SimPLE (Science Robotics) nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p pick-and-place (l\u1ea5y v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7t) nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng cao trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e1c v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng, v\u00ec \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u1eabn l\u00e0 th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c l\u1edbn trong c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/news.mit.edu\/2024\/new-model-offers-robots-precise-pick-place-solutions-0809\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Tin t\u1ee9c MIT (9\/8\/2024)<\/a>. (<a href=\"https:\/\/news.mit.edu\/2024\/new-model-offers-robots-precise-pick-place-solutions-0809\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">tin t\u1ee9c.mit.edu<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V\u00e2ng, c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc tham chi\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng. H\u01a1n bao gi\u1edd h\u1ebft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"the-internal-process-fix-most-companies-avoid\">Quy tr\u00ecnh n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 m\u00e0 h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u00e1nh<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">B\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee7 s\u1edf h\u1eefu. Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u201cm\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Trong c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao, c\u00e1c d\u1ea5u tham chi\u1ebfu PCB l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a danh s\u00e1ch ki\u1ec3m tra tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi xu\u1ea5t x\u01b0\u1edfng, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c truy\u1ec1n mi\u1ec7ng. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u1ec3m tra DFM s\u1ebd ki\u1ec3m tra: s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3, kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch, kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch che ch\u1eafn, v\u00f9ng c\u1ea5m, t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a thanh ray b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch, v\u00e0 li\u1ec7u c\u00e1c d\u1ea5u tham chi\u1ebfu c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9 c\u00f3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i \u1edf nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft hay kh\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n \u0111ang mua s\u1eafm thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ho\u1eb7c n\u00e2ng c\u1ea5p h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, h\u00e3y th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n theo c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao.&nbsp;<strong><a href=\"https:\/\/pickandplacemachine.com\/solution\/turnkey-smt-line-solutions\/\">Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t SMT tr\u1ecdn g\u00f3i<\/a><\/strong>&nbsp;T\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i ngay t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u: m\u00e1y in + v\u1ecb tr\u00ed \u0111\u1eb7t + qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u00e1i ch\u1ea3y + ki\u1ec3m tra + x\u1eed l\u00fd, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh h\u00e0i h\u00f2a v\u1edbi nhau, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 gh\u00e9p n\u1ed1i ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean t\u1eeb \u201cc\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t\u201d. (<a href=\"https:\/\/tsapps.nist.gov\/publication\/get_pdf.cfm?pub_id=958147\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">tsapps.nist.gov<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pickandplacemachine.com\/wp-admin\/post.php?post=2771&amp;action=edit\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"960\" height=\"640\" src=\"https:\/\/pickandplacemachine.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Pick-and-Place-Machines3.jpg\" alt=\"M\u00e1y \u0111\u1eb7t v\u00e0 l\u1ea5y linh ki\u1ec7n\" class=\"wp-image-5663\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pickandplacemachine.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Pick-and-Place-Machines3.jpg 960w, https:\/\/pickandplacemachine.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Pick-and-Place-Machines3-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/pickandplacemachine.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Pick-and-Place-Machines3-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/pickandplacemachine.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Pick-and-Place-Machines3-18x12.jpg 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 960px) 100vw, 960px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"faqs\">C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"how-do-pcb-fiducial-marks-help-pick-and-place-machines-align-pcbs-\">C\u00e1c d\u1ea5u tham chi\u1ebfu tr\u00ean b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch in (PCB) gi\u00fap m\u00e1y \u0111\u1eb7t linh ki\u1ec7n t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u0103n ch\u1ec9nh b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch in nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C\u00e1c d\u1ea5u tham chi\u1ebfu PCB l\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau tham chi\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u01a1i b\u00e0y m\u00e0 camera \u0111\u1eb7t v\u00e0 l\u1ea5y m\u1eabu \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n s\u1ef1 d\u1ecbch chuy\u1ec3n X\/Y v\u00e0 g\u00f3c xoay c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch, sau \u0111\u00f3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng s\u1ef1 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0o t\u1ecda \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i linh ki\u1ec7n trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u1eafp r\u00e1p. Ch\u00fang bi\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng b\u0103ng t\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 t\u1ecda \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u00e0 m\u00e1y m\u00f3c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tin c\u1eady.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Sau \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh: hai \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb tr\u00ed v\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng xoay; c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u b\u1ed5 sung gi\u00fap b\u00f9 \u0111\u1eafp cho s\u1ef1 co gi\u00e3n nh\u1eb9, \u0111\u1ed9 u\u1ed1n cong c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch ho\u1eb7c bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9 g\u1ea7n c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c d\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7c. N\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1ea1ch c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e1c linh ki\u1ec7n c\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch ch\u00e2n 01005 ho\u1eb7c 0,4 mm, c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9 g\u1ea7n khu v\u1ef1c n\u00f3ng th\u01b0\u1eddng gi\u00fap t\u0103ng hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"what-are-fiducial-mark-placement-guidelines-that-reduce-placement-errors-\">C\u00e1c h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn v\u1ec1 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed \u0111\u1eb7t d\u1ea5u tham chi\u1ebfu (fiducial mark) gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u l\u1ed7i \u0111\u1eb7t d\u1ea5u l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1eb7t d\u1ea5u tham chi\u1ebfu l\u00e0 c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed gi\u00fap \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e1c d\u1ea5u tham chi\u1ebfu s\u1ea1ch, c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 t\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea3n cao (to\u00e0n c\u1ee5c v\u00e0 c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9) sao cho h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u1ecb gi\u00e1c SMT c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ch\u00fang nhanh ch\u00f3ng v\u00e0 l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1edfi c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 nh\u01b0 l\u1edbp in m\u1ef1c, c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ed3ng, l\u1ed7 via ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 h\u00e0n. M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau l\u00e0 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n nhanh ch\u00f3ng v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u r\u1ee7i ro ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n sai tr\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u bo m\u1ea1ch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf: \u0110\u1eb7t 2\u20133 \u0111i\u1ec3m tham chi\u1ebfu to\u00e0n c\u1ee5c c\u00e1ch xa nhau, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch an to\u00e0n cho m\u1eb7t n\u1ea1, gi\u1eef v\u00f9ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m xung quanh m\u1ed7i \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u v\u00e0 th\u00eam c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m tham chi\u1ebfu c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9 g\u1ea7n c\u00e1c c\u1ee5m c\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch nh\u1ecf. Kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m tham chi\u1ebfu trong c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn b\u1ecb thay \u0111\u1ed5i do qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh panelization.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"global-fiducials-vs-local-fiducials-which-one-matters-more-\">\u0110i\u1ec3m tham chi\u1ebfu to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u so v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec3m tham chi\u1ebfu c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9: c\u00e1i n\u00e0o quan tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">So s\u00e1nh gi\u1eefa fiducial to\u00e0n c\u1ee5c v\u00e0 fiducial c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9 l\u00e0 c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi v\u1ec1 lo\u1ea1i sai s\u1ed1 m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n \u0111ang c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t: fiducial to\u00e0n c\u1ee5c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1ec7ch v\u00e0 xoay to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch, trong khi fiducial c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u sai l\u1ec7ch c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i g\u1ea7n khu v\u1ef1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 khi bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng, u\u1ed1n cong ho\u1eb7c t\u00edch l\u0169y dung sai g\u00e2y ra s\u1ef1 d\u1ecbch chuy\u1ec3n c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9. C\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u1ec1u gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee7a c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u0103n ch\u1ec9nh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n ch\u1ec9 ch\u1ecdn m\u1ed9t, h\u1ec7 t\u1ecda \u0111\u1ed9 to\u00e0n c\u1ee5c s\u1ebd th\u1eafng v\u00ec n\u00f3 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp h\u1ec7 t\u1ecda \u0111\u1ed9 c\u01a1 s\u1edf. Tuy nhi\u00ean, n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n \u0111ang l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e1c linh ki\u1ec7n BGA c\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch h\u00e0n nh\u1ecf ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c linh ki\u1ec7n micro, h\u1ec7 t\u1ecda \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9 th\u01b0\u1eddng ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng \u201cm\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 tr\u00f4ng \u1ed5n ngo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb g\u00f3c n\u00e0y\u201d, khi\u1ebfn c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed5 l\u1ed7i cho b\u1ed9 c\u1ea5p li\u1ec7u, v\u00f2i phun ho\u1eb7c keo h\u00e0n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"what-fiducial-mark-size-and-clearance-should-i-use-for-smt-vision-\">K\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a d\u1ea5u tham chi\u1ebfu (fiducial mark) n\u00e0o t\u00f4i n\u00ean s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cho h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng quan s\u00e1t SMT?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">K\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a d\u1ea5u tham chi\u1ebfu (fiducial mark) \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh c\u1ee7a pad \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 v\u00f9ng m\u1edf\/v\u00f9ng c\u1ea5m c\u1ee7a l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 h\u00e0n xung quanh, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o camera c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau tr\u00f2n r\u00f5 n\u00e9t v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 t\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea3n c\u1ea1nh m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng \u1ed3n n\u1ec1n t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u. Vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p gi\u00fap tr\u00e1nh hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u00f3i s\u00e1ng, x\u00e2m l\u1ea5n l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 h\u00e0n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u1ea1nh gi\u1ea3, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 n\u00e2ng cao t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u th\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 th\u00e2n thi\u1ec7n v\u1edbi nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 ~1,0 mm \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1edbi l\u1ed7 m\u1edf l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 h\u00e0n t\u1eeb 2,0\u20133,0 mm v\u00e0 v\u00f9ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 chi ti\u1ebft xung quanh, nh\u01b0ng quy t\u1eafc c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 l\u1eafp r\u00e1p v\u00e0 c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t camera c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y. Khi kh\u00f4ng ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn, h\u00e3y tu\u00e2n theo c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc DFM \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn thay v\u00ec \u0111o\u00e1n m\u00f2.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"are-pcb-registration-marks-the-same-as-fiducials-\">C\u00e1c d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd PCB c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 c\u00e1c d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u tham chi\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">D\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd PCB l\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m tham chi\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 c\u0103n ch\u1ec9nh quy tr\u00ecnh, v\u00e0 trong l\u1eafp r\u00e1p SMT, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u00e1c d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u tham chi\u1ebfu (fiducial marks): c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau l\u1ed9 ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng quang h\u1ecdc s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 c\u0103n ch\u1ec9nh b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh in, \u0111\u1eb7t linh ki\u1ec7n v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f4i khi ki\u1ec3m tra. M\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef n\u00e0y m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch linh ho\u1ea1t, nh\u01b0ng \u201cfiducial\u201d l\u00e0 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau quan s\u00e1t SMT c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 m\u00e0 h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec1u d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">B\u1ea1n c\u0169ng s\u1ebd nghe th\u1ea5y thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef \u201cl\u1ed7 \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb\u201d trong c\u00f9ng cu\u1ed9c tr\u00f2 chuy\u1ec7n. L\u1ed7 \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb gi\u00fap x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u01a1 kh\u00ed v\u00e0 c\u0103n ch\u1ec9nh th\u00f4; c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m tham chi\u1ebfu quang h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c quang h\u1ecdc. Vi\u1ec7c nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn gi\u1eefa hai kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh sai l\u1ea7m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"why-does-pick-and-place-machine-alignment-fail-even-with-fiducials-present-\">T\u1ea1i sao vi\u1ec7c c\u0103n ch\u1ec9nh m\u00e1y \u0111\u1eb7t linh ki\u1ec7n l\u1ea1i th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i ngay c\u1ea3 khi c\u00f3 c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m tham chi\u1ebfu?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Vi\u1ec7c c\u0103n ch\u1ec9nh m\u00e1y \u0111\u1eb7t linh ki\u1ec7n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i ngay c\u1ea3 khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m tham chi\u1ebfu (fiducials) v\u00ec camera c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady do c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 nh\u01b0 ch\u00f3i s\u00e1ng, sai l\u1ec7ch l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 h\u00e0n, ch\u1ed3ng ch\u00e9o l\u1edbp in m\u1ef1c, l\u1ed9n x\u1ed9n l\u1edbp \u0111\u1ed3ng, \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m, thay \u0111\u1ed5i thanh ray b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch, ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m tham chi\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t qu\u00e1 g\u1ea7n nhau \u0111\u1ec3 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc xoay. \u201cC\u00f3 c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m tham chi\u1ebfu\u201d kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi \u201cc\u00f3 c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m tham chi\u1ebfu c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">N\u1ebfu thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh kh\u00f3a v\u00e0o c\u1ea1nh sai ho\u1eb7c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau b\u1ecb b\u1ea9n, vi\u1ec7c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh s\u1ebd sai, v\u00e0 m\u1ecdi v\u1ecb tr\u00ed \u0111\u1eb7t linh ki\u1ec7n s\u1ebd b\u1ecb l\u1ec7ch m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1eb1m trong quy t\u1eafc thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf PCB v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ph\u00e2n chia b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 m\u00e1y th\u00eam m\u1ed9t gi\u1edd n\u1eefa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"conclusion\">K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n mu\u1ed1n c\u00e1ch nhanh nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u1eebng tranh c\u00e3i v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c c\u0103n ch\u1ec9nh, h\u00e3y c\u00f9ng nhau xem x\u00e9t c\u00e1c t\u1ec7p Gerber v\u00e0 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng&nbsp;<strong><a href=\"https:\/\/pickandplacemachine.com\/contact\/\">Li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 SMT c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i<\/a><\/strong>&nbsp;V\u00e0 h\u00e3y cho ch\u00fang t\u00f4i bi\u1ebft b\u1ea1n \u0111ang x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng g\u00ec (k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n, kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch, \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ea1ng b\u1ea3ng, m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau CPH). N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n \u0111ang m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng quy m\u00f4, h\u00e3y b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi&nbsp;<strong><a href=\"https:\/\/pickandplacemachine.com\/solution\/turnkey-smt-line-solutions\/\">Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t SMT tr\u1ecdn g\u00f3i<\/a><\/strong>&nbsp;V\u00ec v\u1eady, m\u00e1y in, m\u00e1y l\u1eafp r\u00e1p, quy tr\u00ecnh x\u1eed l\u00fd v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf t\u1ecda \u0111\u1ed9 duy nh\u1ea5t \u2014 v\u00ec c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m tham chi\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1eb3ng t\u1ef1 m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn v\u1edbi ch\u00ednh n\u00f3.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>C\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m tham chi\u1ebfu tr\u00f4ng c\u00f3 v\u1ebb nh\u00e0m ch\u00e1n cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e1c linh ki\u1ec7n 01005 l\u1ec7ch kh\u1ecfi v\u1ecb tr\u00ed m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau t\u1eeb 80\u2013150 \u00b5m v\u00e0 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed5 l\u1ed7i cho m\u00e1y m\u00f3c. T\u00f4i s\u1ebd cho b\u1ea1n th\u1ea5y h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u1ecb gi\u00e1c th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 \u201cnh\u00ecn\u201d th\u1ea5y g\u00ec, v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec b\u1ed1 c\u1ee5c PCB c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n n\u00ean ng\u1eebng l\u00e0m.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":5663,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_gspb_post_css":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[838],"tags":[1042,1043,842,1044,1008,1041],"class_list":["post-5660","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-maintenance-spares","tag-dfm-for-smt","tag-fiducial-design-rules","tag-pcb-assembly","tag-pcb-registration","tag-pick-and-place-calibration","tag-smt-vision"],"blocksy_meta":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pickandplacemachine.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5660","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pickandplacemachine.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pickandplacemachine.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pickandplacemachine.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pickandplacemachine.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5660"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/pickandplacemachine.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5660\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6382,"href":"https:\/\/pickandplacemachine.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5660\/revisions\/6382"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pickandplacemachine.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/5663"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pickandplacemachine.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5660"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pickandplacemachine.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5660"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pickandplacemachine.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5660"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}