{"id":5840,"date":"2026-03-18T09:09:58","date_gmt":"2026-03-18T09:09:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pickandplacemachine.com\/?p=5840"},"modified":"2026-05-19T15:45:14","modified_gmt":"2026-05-19T15:45:14","slug":"electrical-opens-and-shorts-placement-related-failure-mechanisms","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/pickandplacemachine.com\/vi\/electrical-opens-and-shorts-placement-related-failure-mechanisms\/","title":{"rendered":"S\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 h\u1edf m\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 ch\u1eadp m\u1ea1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n: C\u00e1c c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf h\u1ecfng h\u00f3c li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1ecb tr\u00ed l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t"},"content":{"rendered":"

H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y v\u1eabn \u0111\u1ed5 l\u1ed7i cho l\u00f2 nung khi c\u00e1c bo m\u1ea1ch b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1ecb lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf \u1edf giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ki\u1ec3m tra ICT, v\u00e0 t\u00f4i th\u00e0nh th\u1eadt cho r\u1eb1ng th\u00f3i quen \u0111\u00f3 ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh r\u00f5 h\u01a1n s\u1ef1 l\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebfng trong v\u0103n h\u00f3a t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n g\u1ed1c r\u1ec5 h\u01a1n l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u00e0n l\u1ea1i, b\u1edfi v\u00ec bo m\u1ea1ch th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb h\u01b0 h\u1ecfng t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 \u2014 trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh in m\u1ea1ch, trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u1ea5y bo m\u1ea1ch, trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u1eafp linh ki\u1ec7n, hay trong nh\u1eefng thao t\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00e0 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n th\u1eafc m\u1eafc g\u00ec n\u1eefa. \u0110\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n m\u00e0 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecf qua.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00f3m t\u1eaft? Nh\u1ea7m nghi ph\u1ea1m r\u1ed3i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 m\u1ea3i m\u00ea ng\u1eafm nh\u00ecn nh\u1eefng m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n s\u00e1ng b\u00f3ng v\u00e0 tranh c\u00e3i v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cong nhi\u1ec7t, trong khi nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 l\u1ea1i n\u1eb1m ngay \u1edf kh\u00e2u tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3, r\u00f5 m\u1ed3n m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft: d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u00e2m \u0111i\u1ec3m b\u1ecb l\u1ec7ch, s\u1ef1 m\u00f2n v\u00f2i phun m\u00e0 ch\u1eb3ng ai mu\u1ed1n ghi ch\u00e9p, vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb b\u1ed9 c\u1ea5p v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u th\u00ec c\u1ea9u th\u1ea3 v\u1eeba \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ed1n tr\u00e1nh tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c linh ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t xu\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ec3 \u201cc\u0169ng t\u1ea1m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u201d \u2013 m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u n\u00f3i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t nhanh h\u01a1n b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 lo\u1ea1i keo h\u00e0n k\u00e9m ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0o. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 x\u1ea3y ra. R\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n gia c\u00f4ng l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a NASA kh\u00f4ng coi \u0111\u1ed9 nghi\u00eang, ph\u1ea7n nh\u00f4 ra, hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ea7u n\u1ed1i ch\u1ea5t h\u00e0n ho\u1eb7c sai l\u1ec7ch v\u1ecb tr\u00ed l\u00e0 c\u00e1c khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt thu\u1ed9c lo\u1ea1i th\u1ea9m m\u1ef9. Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n n\u00e0y coi ch\u00fang l\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m. \u0110\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 c\u1ee9ng nh\u1eafc qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 m\u00e1y h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a kinh nghi\u1ec7m th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n. M\u1ed9t khi h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc b\u1ecb sai l\u1ec7ch, c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh n\u0103ng \u0111i\u1ec7n th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ebd theo sau. (s3vi.ndc.nasa.gov<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u00e0 \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt ph\u0169 ph\u00e0ng: khi c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn \u201cl\u1ed7i h\u00e0n\u201d, h\u1ecd th\u01b0\u1eddng mu\u1ed1n n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng \u201ct\u00f4i v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1\u201d.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u1ea1ch h\u1edf kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp c\u1ee7a m\u1ea1ch ch\u1eadp. M\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, \u0111\u00fang l\u00e0 th\u1ebf, nh\u01b0ng c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf h\u1ecfng h\u00f3c c\u1ee7a hai lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0y kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c vi\u1ec7c g\u1ed9p chung ch\u00fang l\u1ea1i th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0m ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111i\u1ec1u tra. M\u1ea1ch h\u1edf th\u01b0\u1eddng xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 \u201cthi\u1ebfu h\u1ee5t\u201d \u2014 di\u1ec7n t\u00edch ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng b\u00e1m d\u00ednh k\u00e9m, \u0111\u1ea7u n\u1ed1i b\u1ecb bong tr\u00f3c, \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed3ng ph\u1eb3ng k\u00e9m, ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t v\u1ebft n\u1ee9t b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc vi m\u00f4 r\u1ed3i sau \u0111\u00f3 g\u00e2y ra h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, m\u1ea1ch ch\u1eadp l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 do s\u1ef1 ch\u1eadt ch\u1ed9i. Qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u h\u00e0n \u1edf nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1eadt h\u1eb9p. Sai l\u1ec7ch do xoay. D\u00e2y d\u1eabn b\u1ecb l\u1ec7ch. Ch\u1ea5t h\u00e0n lan ra nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean. C\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch. C\u01a1 ch\u1ebf h\u1ecfng h\u00f3c kh\u00e1c nhau. (s3vi.ndc.nasa.gov<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ba t\u1eeb. V\u1ecb tr\u00ed quan tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn m\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u1eabn c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i, ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu v\u00ec c\u00e1c l\u1ed7i li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1ecb tr\u00ed l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu. Ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00fac n\u00e0o c\u0169ng b\u1ed9c l\u1ed9 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t. Ch\u00fang l\u00e9n l\u00fat xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n. M\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u1eb1m l\u1ec7ch t\u00e2m m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat m\u00e0 tr\u00f4ng v\u1eabn ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng. M\u1ed9t chip QFP c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xoay m\u1ed9t g\u00f3c r\u1ea5t nh\u1ecf, qua qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u00e0n l\u1ea1i, v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n AOI l\u1ecfng l\u1ebbo, r\u1ed3i l\u1ea1i h\u1ecfng h\u00f3c do rung \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u1eb7c chu k\u1ef3 nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0i tu\u1ea7n sau \u0111\u00f3. M\u1ed9t g\u00f3i s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 nghi\u00eang nh\u1eb9, h\u00e0n \u201c\u1ed5n\u201d, xu\u1ea5t x\u01b0\u1edfng, v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 quay tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng l\u1ed7i \u1ea9n kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean t\u1ee5c khi\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ph\u1ea3i m\u1ea5t h\u00e0ng gi\u1edd \u0111\u1ec3 g\u1ee1 l\u1ed7i. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i l\u1ed7i khi\u1ebfn c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt vi\u00ean ph\u1ea3i ch\u1eedi th\u1ec1 ngay t\u1ea1i b\u00e0n l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Theo kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i, m\u1ed9t khi b\u1ea1n b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u xem x\u00e9t Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng quy tr\u00ecnh<\/a><\/strong> Thay v\u00ec ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh n\u00e0y nhanh ch\u00f3ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. Kh\u00f4ng thanh l\u1ecbch. Kh\u00f4ng mang t\u00ednh l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft. Ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n l\u00e0 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng, vi\u1ec7c kh\u1edbp ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 kh\u1edbp \u0111\u00f3 kh\u1ecfe m\u1ea1nh. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 kh\u1edbp \u0111\u00e3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u1ed9t b\u00e0i \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 n\u0103m 2024 tr\u00ean kho l\u01b0u tr\u1eef PMC \u0111\u00e3 n\u00eau r\u00f5 quan \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u00ednh: \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady c\u1ee7a v\u1ecf g\u00f3i v\u00e0 m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n lu\u00f4n ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu \u00e1p l\u1ef1c li\u00ean t\u1ee5c t\u1eeb c\u00e1c chu k\u1ef3 nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc, v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng quan t\u00e2m li\u1ec7u m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n c\u00f3 tr\u00f4ng ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean hay kh\u00f4ng. N\u1ebfu linh ki\u1ec7n b\u1ecb l\u1eafp l\u1ec7ch t\u00e2m, n\u1ebfu ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u, ho\u1eb7c n\u1ebfu b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac c\u1ee7a m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n ban \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e3 y\u1ebfu k\u00e9m, th\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf s\u1ebd \u201cho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t\u201d c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c. S\u1ed1c v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0o \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3. Rung \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u0169ng v\u1eady. Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u0169ng v\u1eady. Th\u1ef1c ra, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ba ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o\u2014n\u1ebfu m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng r\u1eafc r\u1ed1i v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3o h\u00e0nh. \u0110\u00f3 c\u0169ng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i... H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ki\u1ec3m tra SMT<\/a><\/strong> kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ti\u1ec7n \u00edch xa x\u1ec9 d\u00e0nh cho c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y sang tr\u1ecdng; \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p ng\u1eebng t\u1ef1 l\u1eeba d\u1ed1i b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n. (s3vi.ndc.nasa.gov<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ef1c ca bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 h\u01a1n nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00eau trong b\u00e1o c\u00e1o l\u1ed7i<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean, h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c b\u00e1o c\u00e1o l\u1ed7i l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u201cl\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch\u201d m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch k\u1ef3 l\u1ea1. \u201cM\u1edf t\u1ea1i U14.\u201d \u201cCh\u1eadp m\u1ea1ch t\u1ea1i J3.\u201d \u201cLo ng\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u00e0n l\u1ea1i.\u201d \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1ed3i. Nh\u01b0ng th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ea3y ra chuy\u1ec7n g\u00ec?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Khi nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u00e1t sinh, t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb l\u00f2 n\u01b0\u1edbng. T\u00f4i b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n x\u1ea5u x\u00ed, nh\u00e0m ch\u00e1n m\u00e0 ch\u1eb3ng ai mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp trong c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c h\u1ecdp qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd: \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00f2i phun m\u00f2n, \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1ec7ch b\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 n\u1ea1p, th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n g\u00f3i linh ki\u1ec7n l\u1ed7i th\u1eddi, \u0111\u1ed9 cao tr\u1ee5c Z kh\u00f4ng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh, b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch b\u1ecb cong, d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 y\u1ebfu k\u00e9m, c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed3ng ph\u1eb3ng k\u00e9m. \u0110\u00f3 m\u1edbi l\u00e0 danh s\u00e1ch th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf tr\u00ean d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t. Kh\u00f4ng h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn ch\u00fat n\u00e0o. Nh\u01b0ng r\u1ea5t th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m ng\u1eafn m\u1ea1ch l\u1ea1i d\u1eabn t\u00f4i \u0111i theo m\u1ed9t h\u01b0\u1edbng kh\u00e1c. T\u00f4i b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u1eafc ngh\u1ebdn \u2014 c\u00e1c ch\u00e2n d\u1eabn c\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch nh\u1ecf, sai l\u1ec7ch g\u00f3c xoay, b\u1ed9t h\u00e0n b\u1ecb lan r\u1ed9ng, kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch kh\u00f4ng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh, l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1eb7t linh ki\u1ec7n h\u01a1i qu\u00e1 m\u1ea1nh, c\u00e1c ch\u00e2n \u0111\u1ee1 kh\u00f4ng n\u1eb1m \u0111\u00fang v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng u\u1ed1n cong bo m\u1ea1ch trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb7t linh ki\u1ec7n. V\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang v\u1eady, hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ea7u h\u00e0n ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u201cxu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n\u201d tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi nung ch\u1ea3y. C\u00e1c ti\u00eau ch\u00ed SMT c\u1ee7a NASA r\u1ea5t r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u1ec1 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ea7u h\u00e0n v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 l\u1ec7ch v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a keo h\u00e0n x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng tr\u1ed1ng. H\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng vi\u1ebft nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec3 cho vui. (s3vi.ndc.nasa.gov<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u00ec v\u1eady, khi ai \u0111\u00f3 n\u00f3i: \u201cL\u00f2 n\u01b0\u1edbng l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n\u201d, ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0: c\u00f3 th\u1ec3. Nh\u01b0ng ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 v\u1eady.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"H\u1ec7<\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i v\u00e0o ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m ki\u1ec3m tra duy nh\u1ea5t<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 l\u00fac nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh trong ph\u00f2ng b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t m\u00ecnh kh\u1ecfi \u0111\u00e1m du kh\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trong b\u00e1o c\u00e1o th\u01b0\u1eddng ni\u00ean n\u0103m 2024, Helios \u0111\u00e3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 SMT t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 cao k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi ki\u1ec3m tra b\u1ed9t h\u00e0n 3D, ki\u1ec3m tra AOI 3D, ki\u1ec3m tra tia X, th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng truy xu\u1ea5t ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c s\u1ed1 seri. Quy tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u00e1y m\u00f3c n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u1eafm b\u1eaft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ki\u1ec3m tra b\u1ed9t h\u00e0n (SPI) \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1eb7t linh ki\u1ec7n (Placement) theo d\u00f5i t\u1ecda \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh vi l\u1ea5y linh ki\u1ec7n. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ki\u1ec3m tra AOI \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ki\u1ec3m tra tia X ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac h\u00e0n \u1ea9n. Ki\u1ec3m tra ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n. Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng truy xu\u1ea5t ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c ghi l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c m\u1eabu d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ngay c\u1ea3 khi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 qu\u00ean ch\u00fang. \u0110\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 v\u00f2ng l\u1eb7p. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0o c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n M\u00e1y \u0111\u1eb7t v\u00e0 l\u1ea5y linh ki\u1ec7n<\/a><\/strong> N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng si\u1ebft ch\u1eb7t k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, b\u1ea1n ch\u1ec9 m\u1edbi \u0111i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t n\u1eeda ch\u1eb7ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng. D\u1eef li\u1ec7u r\u00e1c d\u00f9 nhanh \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2u v\u1eabn ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 r\u00e1c. (s3vi.ndc.nasa.gov<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1, \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecf qua. Trong D\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t m\u1eabu th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m quy m\u00f4 nh\u1ecf<\/a><\/strong>, s\u1ef1 h\u1ed7n lo\u1ea1n khi chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t. Cu\u1ed9n b\u0103ng sai. C\u1ef1c t\u00ednh sai. Th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt \u1edf m\u1ed9t tr\u1ea1m nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt \u1edf tr\u1ea1m kh\u00e1c. L\u1ed7i c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t do con ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u00e2y ra d\u00f9 \u0111\u00e3 tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 quy tr\u00ecnh. Trong D\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 cao<\/a><\/strong>, nguy c\u01a1 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c: s\u1ef1 sai l\u1ec7ch nh\u1ecf nh\u01b0ng l\u1eb7p \u0111i l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i, nh\u00e2n l\u00ean theo kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 k\u1ebf to\u00e1n. C\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf. Nh\u01b0ng m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00ec kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ee3t thu h\u1ed3i s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m kh\u00f4ng quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c l\u1ed7i c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u201cnh\u1ecf\u201d hay kh\u00f4ng\u201d<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u00fac cu\u1ed9c tr\u00f2 chuy\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n mang t\u00ednh l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft n\u1eefa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u1ec7t k\u00ea d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec1u xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb kh\u00e2u l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t. T\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. \u0110i\u1ec1u t\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n n\u00f3i l\u00e0 ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p n\u00e0y v\u1eabn c\u1ee9 coi c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 ch\u1eadp m\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 h\u1edf m\u1ea1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 nh\u1ecf nh\u1eb7t v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec, cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi ch\u00fang lan ra ngo\u00e0i t\u00f2a nh\u00e0 v\u00e0 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng kh\u1ea9n c\u1ea5p c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

H\u00e3ng tin Reuters \u0111\u01b0a tin v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 2 n\u0103m 2024 r\u1eb1ng Honda \u0111\u00e3 thu h\u1ed3i 750.000 xe t\u1ea1i Hoa K\u1ef3 do c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng gh\u1ebf h\u00e0nh kh\u00e1ch ph\u00eda tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb n\u1ee9t v\u00e0 g\u00e2y ch\u1eadp \u0111i\u1ec7n; \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi Reuters c\u0169ng cho bi\u1ebft Honda \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 3.834 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u b\u1ea3o h\u00e0nh li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y. H\u00e3y \u0111\u1ecdc l\u1ea1i con s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3\u20143.834 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u b\u1ea3o h\u00e0nh. Con s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 minh ch\u1ee9ng cho c\u00e2u \u201cch\u00fang t\u00f4i s\u1ebd theo d\u00f5i t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh\u201d sau khi l\u1ed7i \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ecdt qua h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t. (reuters.com<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u1ed3i c\u00f2n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t v\u1ee5 l\u00f9m x\u00f9m l\u1edbn h\u01a1n n\u1eefa. H\u00e3ng tin Reuters \u0111\u01b0a tin v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 9 n\u0103m 2023 r\u1eb1ng Hyundai v\u00e0 Kia \u0111\u00e3 thu h\u1ed3i t\u1ed5ng c\u1ed9ng 3,37 tri\u1ec7u xe t\u1ea1i M\u1ef9 do nguy c\u01a1 ch\u00e1y n\u1ed5 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1eadp \u0111i\u1ec7n. Trong c\u00e1c b\u00e1o c\u00e1o sau \u0111\u00f3, Hyundai cho bi\u1ebft h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e1o c\u00e1o v\u1ec1 21 v\u1ee5 ch\u00e1y v\u00e0 21 s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 nhi\u1ec7t kh\u00e1c, trong khi Kia nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e1o c\u00e1o v\u1ec1 \u00edt nh\u1ea5t 10 v\u1ee5 ch\u00e1y v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 KPI v\u1ec1 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u1eefa. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 tin t\u1ee9c qu\u1ed1c gia. (reuters.com<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00f2n v\u1ec1 l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb y t\u1ebf th\u00ec sao? T\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh c\u00f2n nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n n\u1eefa. C\u1ee5c Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd Th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 D\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea9m Hoa K\u1ef3 (FDA) \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 l\u1ec7nh thu h\u1ed3i lo\u1ea1i 2 n\u0103m 2024 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng Philips Azurion, trong \u0111\u00f3 n\u00eau r\u00f5 r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 ch\u1eadp m\u1ea1ch ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n trong c\u1ee5m b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch in c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 bi\u1ebfn t\u1ea7n ngu\u1ed3n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m ch\u00e1y c\u1ea7u ch\u00ec v\u00e0 khi\u1ebfn h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ng\u1eebng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn nguy c\u01a1 tr\u00ec ho\u00e3n ho\u1eb7c ph\u1ea3i h\u1ee7y b\u1ecf ca ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt. C\u00e2u n\u00f3i \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m t\u1ec9nh ng\u1ed9 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ai v\u1eabn c\u00f2n coi s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 ch\u1eadp m\u1ea1ch ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t r\u1eafc r\u1ed1i v\u1eb7t v\u00e3nh \u0111\u00e1ng b\u1ecf qua. (accessdata.fda.gov<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u1eady n\u00ean, \u0111\u00fang v\u1eady \u2014 t\u00f4i cho r\u1eb1ng v\u1eabn c\u00f2n qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y l\u1eafp r\u00e1p m\u1ea1ch in (SMT) \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 th\u1ea5p r\u1ee7i ro v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec7n. H\u1ecd qu\u00e1 ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0o s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb m\u00e0 l\u1ea1i coi nh\u1eb9 chi ph\u00ed ph\u00e1t sinh t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t l\u1ed7i ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch t\u00ednh to\u00e1n sai l\u1ea7m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"H\u1ec7<\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u0110i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 h\u00e0ng ph\u00f2ng ng\u1ef1 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u1ea7n ch\u00fa \u00fd<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
C\u01a1 ch\u1ebf h\u1ecfng h\u00f3c<\/th>\u0110i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t v\u1ecb tr\u00ed \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh<\/th>K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111i\u1ec7n th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p<\/th>\u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ea7n ki\u1ec3m tra<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
Ph\u1ea7n nh\u00f4 ra b\u00ean h\u00f4ng tr\u00ean c\u00e1c chi ti\u1ebft chip<\/td>V\u1ecb tr\u00ed l\u1ec7ch, c\u0103n gi\u1eefa kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c, \u0111i\u1ec3m g\u1ed1c th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n sai<\/td>M\u1edf, ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean t\u1ee5c, m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n g\u00f3c y\u1ebfu \u1edf m\u1ed9t b\u00ean<\/td>T\u00e2m c\u1ee7a th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n, c\u0103n ch\u1ec9nh v\u00f2i phun, \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i khi \u0111\u1eb7t<\/td><\/tr>
S\u1ef1 l\u1ec7ch ho\u1eb7c xoay v\u1edbi kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch ch\u00e2n c\u1eafm nh\u1ecf<\/td>S\u1ef1 l\u1ec7ch b\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 n\u1ea1p, l\u1ed7i xoay c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 thu, hi\u1ec7u ch\u1ec9nh \u0111i\u1ec3m chu\u1ea9n kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c<\/td>Ch\u1eadp m\u1ea1ch gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c d\u00e2y d\u1eabn li\u1ec1n k\u1ec1, \u0111\u1ee9t m\u1ea1ch kh\u00f4ng do \u1ea9m \u01b0\u1edbt<\/td>Ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb b\u1ed9 n\u1ea1p, hi\u1ec7u ch\u1ec9nh g\u00f3c quay, b\u00f9 \u0111\u1eafp b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch<\/td><\/tr>
G\u00f3c nghi\u00eang m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed3ng ph\u1eb3ng k\u00e9m<\/td>L\u1ed7i \u0111\u1ed9 cao tr\u1ee5c Z, v\u00f2i phun b\u1ecb m\u00f2n, bao b\u00ec ho\u1eb7c b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch in b\u1ecb cong<\/td>Khe h\u1edf ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n, m\u1ed1i n\u1ed1i l\u1ecfng l\u1ebbo, m\u1ed1i n\u1ed1i d\u1ec5 n\u1ee9t<\/td>Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed3ng ph\u1eb3ng, t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng v\u00f2i phun, l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1eb7t<\/td><\/tr>
D\u00e1n l\u1edbp c\u00e1ch ly tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi nung l\u1ea1i<\/td>S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u1ef1c qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c, gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ee1 b\u1ea3ng kh\u00f4ng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh, ch\u1ea5t b\u00f4i tr\u01a1n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ec1u<\/td>C\u1ea7u h\u00e0n, kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7<\/td>M\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan gi\u1eefa SPI v\u00e0 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed \u0111\u1eb7t, hi\u1ec7u chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u1ea7u d\u00f2, \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a b\u0103ng t\u1ea3i<\/td><\/tr>
C\u00e1c g\u00f3i h\u00e0ng n\u1eb7ng h\u01a1n v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng n\u1eb1m ch\u00ednh gi\u1eefa<\/td>Vi\u1ec7c l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c k\u00e8m theo rung \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u1eb7c va \u0111\u1eadp sau \u0111\u00f3<\/td>V\u1ebft n\u1ee9t tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t, th\u1ec9nh tho\u1ea3ng h\u1edf ra<\/td>D\u1eef li\u1ec7u xu h\u01b0\u1edbng b\u00f9 tr\u1eeb, l\u1ecbch s\u1eed AOI\/ch\u1ee5p X-quang, th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m ch\u1ecbu t\u1ea3i<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

B\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 th\u1ee9 m\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i n\u00ean d\u00e1n l\u00ean t\u01b0\u1eddng. Th\u1eadt \u0111\u1ea5y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u1edfi v\u00ec c\u00e1c tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00e1y m\u00f3c, h\u00e0n v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u00f3 m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi nhau \u2014 nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1. N\u1ebfu g\u1ed9p c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 n\u00e0y l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi nhau, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd ch\u1ec9 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng quan ni\u1ec7m sai l\u1ea7m thay v\u00ec t\u00ecm ra nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n g\u1ed1c r\u1ec5. H\u00e3y t\u00e1ch ch\u00fang ra, v\u00e0 m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 s\u1ebd tr\u1edf n\u00ean r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 v\u1eady.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"H\u1ec7<\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u0110i\u1ec1u g\u00ec g\u00e2y ra hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ee9t m\u1ea1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u1eafp r\u00e1p SMT?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e1c l\u1ed7i h\u1edf m\u1ea1ch trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u1eafp r\u00e1p SMT l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ee9t g\u00e3y tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn, th\u01b0\u1eddng x\u1ea3y ra khi linh ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh ho\u1eb7c duy tr\u00ec k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i kim lo\u1ea1i \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec3m ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac (pad) do sai l\u1ec7ch v\u1ecb tr\u00ed, nghi\u00eang, \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed3ng ph\u1eb3ng k\u00e9m, h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n, ho\u1eb7c s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u1ebft n\u1ee9t sau n\u00e0y d\u01b0\u1edbi t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t. Trong ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y t\u1ea1i nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u00e1c bo m\u1ea1ch c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua ki\u1ec3m tra l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u, nh\u01b0ng sau \u0111\u00f3 b\u1ecb l\u1ed7i, ho\u1eb7c g\u00e2y ra nh\u1eefng r\u1eafc r\u1ed1i ki\u1ec3u \u201ckh\u00f4ng t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y l\u1ed7i\u201d kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh g\u1ee1 l\u1ed7i. T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh \u0111\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n h\u01a1n m\u1ee9c t\u00f4i mong mu\u1ed1n. (s3vi.ndc.nasa.gov<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110i\u1ec1u g\u00ec g\u00e2y ra hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u1eadp \u0111i\u1ec7n sau qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u1eafp r\u00e1p?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

S\u1ef1 ch\u1eadp \u0111i\u1ec7n sau qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb7t linh ki\u1ec7n l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng mong mu\u1ed1n gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac, ch\u00e2n d\u1eabn ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m h\u00e0n li\u1ec1n k\u1ec1, th\u01b0\u1eddng x\u1ea3y ra khi s\u1ef1 l\u1ec7ch h\u01b0\u1edbng, xoay, s\u1ef1 lan r\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p h\u00e0n, l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1eb7t qu\u00e1 m\u1ea1nh ho\u1eb7c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch k\u00e9m khi\u1ebfn h\u00e0n n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y t\u1ea1o c\u1ea7u n\u1ed1i gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u1ebd ra ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1ch ly. N\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch th\u1eb3ng th\u1eafn h\u01a1n: kho\u1ea3ng dung sai c\u1ee7a quy tr\u00ecnh qu\u00e1 h\u1eb9p, v\u00e0 d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u. \u0110\u00f4i khi hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ea7u n\u1ed1i n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. \u0110\u00f4i khi n\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i s\u1ef1 x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp c\u1ee7a t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t, \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh tr\u1edf n\u00ean t\u1ed3i t\u1ec7 h\u01a1n. (s3vi.ndc.nasa.gov<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e1c s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 h\u1edf m\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 ch\u1eadp m\u1ea1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 do l\u1ed7i trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u00e0n l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e1c s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 h\u1edf m\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 ch\u1eadp m\u1ea1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 l\u1ed7i do qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh nung l\u1ea1i; ch\u00fang l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u1edf c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1eafp r\u00e1p, v\u1edbi nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n g\u1ed1c r\u1ec5 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng \u0111o\u1ea1n in m\u1ef1c, \u0111\u1eb7t linh ki\u1ec7n, \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed3ng ph\u1eb3ng, \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m ho\u1eb7c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch, trong khi qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh nung l\u1ea1i th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n m\u00e0 c\u00e1c l\u1ed7i t\u1eeb c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. S\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t n\u00e0y quan tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng g\u00ec m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn, b\u1edfi v\u00ec vi\u1ec7c m\u1ea3i m\u00ea \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t l\u00f2 nung trong khi v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 n\u1eb1m \u1edf thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp b\u1ed9 n\u1ea1p, d\u1eef li\u1ec7u g\u00f3i linh ki\u1ec7n ho\u1eb7c khung \u0111\u1ee1 b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch s\u1ebd ch\u1ec9 l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 che ch\u1edf cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m quy tr\u00ecnh sai. (s3vi.ndc.nasa.gov<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u c\u00e1c l\u1ed7i h\u1edf m\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 ch\u1eadp m\u1ea1ch trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u1eafp r\u00e1p PCB \u0111a d\u1ea1ng m\u1eabu m\u00e3?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u c\u00e1c l\u1ed7i h\u1edf m\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 ch\u1eadp m\u1ea1ch trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u1eafp r\u00e1p PCB \u0111a ch\u1ee7ng lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh chuy\u1ec3n giao gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng \u0111o\u1ea1n in khu\u00f4n, l\u1eafp linh ki\u1ec7n v\u00e0 h\u00e0n n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y th\u00f4ng qua d\u1eef li\u1ec7u th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c minh, b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec b\u1ed9 c\u1ea5p li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 v\u00f2i phun, quy tr\u00ecnh ki\u1ec3m tra m\u1eabu \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ki\u1ec3m tra v\u00f2ng k\u00edn \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e1c l\u1ed7i k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ecf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ch\u00fang lan r\u1ed9ng sang nhi\u1ec1u l\u00f4 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m. Th\u00e0nh th\u1eadt m\u00e0 n\u00f3i, ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p n\u1eb1m \u1edf k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt quy tr\u00ecnh. Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ph\u00e9p m\u00e0u. Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i m\u00e1y m\u00f3c th\u1ea7n k\u1ef3. Ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp t\u1ed1t, c\u00e1c v\u00f2ng ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 v\u00e0 \u00edt quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh ki\u1ec3u \u201cch\u1eafc l\u00e0 \u1ed5n th\u00f4i\u201d h\u01a1n trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n v\u1eabn coi c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1edf m\u1ea1ch ng\u1eaft qu\u00e3ng, c\u1ea7u n\u1ed1i ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u00f3ng ma tr\u00ean b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 h\u00e0n ri\u00eang l\u1ebb, c\u00f3 l\u1ebd b\u1ea1n \u0111ang t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 quan s\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thay v\u00ec nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n g\u1ed1c r\u1ec5 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean. H\u00e3y b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb kh\u00e2u \u0111\u1ea7u ngu\u1ed3n. Ki\u1ec3m tra l\u1ea1i th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n linh ki\u1ec7n. Theo d\u00f5i xu h\u01b0\u1edbng l\u1ec7ch v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 c\u1ea5p li\u1ec7u. Ki\u1ec3m tra m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 m\u00f2n c\u1ee7a v\u00f2i phun. Xem x\u00e9t l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3. T\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ef1 li\u00ean k\u1ebft gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c kh\u00e2u ki\u1ec3m tra. V\u00e0 n\u1ebfu ch\u00ednh d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1, h\u00e3y xem x\u00e9t k\u1ef9 h\u01a1n Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t SMT tr\u1ecdn g\u00f3i<\/a><\/strong>, c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 \u0110\u00e0o t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 sau b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng<\/a><\/strong>, v\u00e0 xem x\u00e9t th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng<\/a><\/strong> tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi nh\u1eefng khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt \u0111\u00f3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00e0ng h\u1ecfng, khi\u1ebfu n\u1ea1i b\u1ea3o h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 t\u1ed5n h\u1ea1i danh ti\u1ebfng.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

C\u00e1c s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 h\u1edf m\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 ch\u1eadp m\u1ea1ch trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u1eafp r\u00e1p b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch in (PCB) th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb quy cho kh\u00e2u h\u00e0n, nh\u01b0ng l\u00fd do \u0111\u00f3 th\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u00e1 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n. Trong nhi\u1ec1u tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p, l\u1ed7i th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb giai \u0111o\u1ea1n l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t linh ki\u1ec7n v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 b\u1ed9c l\u1ed9 sau n\u00e0y trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh nung l\u1ea1i, ki\u1ec3m tra ho\u1eb7c khi s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":5841,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_gspb_post_css":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[837],"tags":[1174,1012,1175,1176,1178,1177],"class_list":["post-5840","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-process-quality","tag-electrical-opens-and-shorts","tag-pcb-assembly-quality","tag-pick-and-place-placement-errors","tag-smt-defects","tag-smt-inspection","tag-solder-joint-failures"],"blocksy_meta":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pickandplacemachine.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5840","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pickandplacemachine.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pickandplacemachine.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pickandplacemachine.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pickandplacemachine.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5840"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/pickandplacemachine.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5840\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6352,"href":"https:\/\/pickandplacemachine.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5840\/revisions\/6352"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pickandplacemachine.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/5841"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pickandplacemachine.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5840"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pickandplacemachine.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5840"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pickandplacemachine.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5840"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}