{"id":5845,"date":"2026-03-19T08:11:51","date_gmt":"2026-03-19T08:11:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pickandplacemachine.com\/?p=5845"},"modified":"2026-05-19T15:45:08","modified_gmt":"2026-05-19T15:45:08","slug":"path-optimization-algorithms-reducing-cycle-time-through-smart-routing","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/pickandplacemachine.com\/vi\/path-optimization-algorithms-reducing-cycle-time-through-smart-routing\/","title":{"rendered":"C\u00e1c thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a l\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh: Gi\u1ea3m th\u1eddi gian chu k\u1ef3 th\u00f4ng qua \u0111\u1ecbnh tuy\u1ebfn th\u00f4ng minh"},"content":{"rendered":"

T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng tham d\u1ef1 nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c h\u1ecdp s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t m\u00e0 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 xoay quanh c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 v\u1ec1 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1eafp r\u00e1p nh\u01b0 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 duy nh\u1ea5t, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 l\u1ea1i \u0111ang di\u1ec5n ra \u1edf nh\u1eefng kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh kh\u00e1c \u2014 nh\u01b0 s\u1ef1 ch\u1eadm tr\u1ec5 trong vi\u1ec7c b\u1ed5 sung linh ki\u1ec7n t\u1eeb h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u1ea5p li\u1ec7u, th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m ph\u00e1t b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch kh\u00f4ng h\u1ee3p l\u00fd, sai s\u00f3t trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i linh ki\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n, c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m ngh\u1ebdn c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y h\u00e0n SPI, nh\u1eefng qu\u00e3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng di chuy\u1ec3n v\u00f4 \u00edch c\u1ee7a xe \u0111\u1ea9y, v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng l\u1ea7n gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n nh\u1ecf tr\u00ean b\u0103ng t\u1ea3i \u2014 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y hi\u1ebfm khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi v\u00e0o b\u00e1o c\u00e1o nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i v\u00f4 t\u00ecnh \u201c\u0103n\u201d m\u1ea5t n\u1eeda ca l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u00e0o th\u1ee9 S\u00e1u. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ed9ng l\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a l\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh<\/strong> nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t t\u00ednh n\u0103ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n. Trong SMT, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed m\u1eb7t b\u1eb1ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc. Con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ng\u1eafn nh\u1ea5t v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00e9m hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. T\u00f4i th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 tin r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 sai l\u1ea7m \u0111\u1eb1ng sau nhi\u1ec1u d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u201c\u0111\u1ecbnh tuy\u1ebfn th\u00f4ng minh\u201d kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea1t hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 nh\u01b0 mong \u0111\u1ee3i: c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng, r\u1ed3i l\u1ea1i t\u1ecf ra ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean khi th\u1eddi gian chu k\u1ef3 h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u1ea1i sao c\u00e1c con s\u1ed1 v\u1ec1 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng truy\u1ec1n l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c h\u01a1n nh\u1eefng g\u00ec m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean, n\u1ebfu h\u1ecfi h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y r\u1eb1ng \u0111i\u1ec3m ngh\u1ebdn n\u1eb1m \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u, b\u1ea1n th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ebd nghe th\u1ea5y h\u1ecd nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00e3 model c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean \u2014 Panasonic NPM-W2S, Yamaha YRM20, ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u00f4-\u0111un d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n m\u1edbi r\u1ea5t b\u1eaft m\u1eaft \u2014 b\u1edfi v\u00ec t\u00ean m\u00e1y m\u00f3c th\u00ec d\u1ec5 th\u1ea5y, d\u1ec5 nh\u1eafc l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 mang l\u1ea1i c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c an t\u00e2m, \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng k\u1eb9t b\u1ed9 n\u1ea1p, \u00f9n \u1ee9 h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ee3i v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1ec5 nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u th\u00ec ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 c\u00e1i b\u1eaby.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u1ed9t d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 m\u1ea5t th\u1eddi gian \u1edf nh\u1eefng \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u00f4ng c\u00f3 v\u1ebb ch\u1eadm ch\u1ea1p. N\u00f3 m\u1ea5t th\u1eddi gian \u1edf nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh chuy\u1ec3n giao di\u1ec5n ra c\u1ea9u th\u1ea3. M\u1ed9t t\u1ea5m v\u00e1n ph\u1ea3i ch\u1edd s\u00e1u gi\u00e2y khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea3 ra. M\u1ed9t t\u1ea5m kh\u00e1c l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho qua qu\u00e1 s\u1edbm v\u00e0 c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y ph\u00eda sau. M\u1ed9t khu v\u1ef1c c\u1ea5p li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 theo l\u1ecbch tr\u00ecnh c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh thay v\u00ec d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean nguy c\u01a1 thi\u1ebfu h\u1ee5t th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf. AOI b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed1ng c\u00e1c t\u1ea5m v\u00e1n. \u0110\u1ed9t nhi\u00ean, d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 \u201cb\u00ed \u1ea9n\u201d tr\u1edf n\u00ean ch\u1eadm ch\u1ea1p. Ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec b\u00ed \u1ea9n \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y c\u1ea3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty chi ti\u1ec1n th\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t SMT tr\u1ecdn g\u00f3i<\/a> ho\u1eb7c th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y t\u0103ng n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t D\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 cao<\/a> trong khi v\u1eabn coi vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ecbnh tuy\u1ebfn nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 ph\u1ee5. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn sai l\u1ea7m. Hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n v\u00e0o c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cu\u1ed9c th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn n\u0103m 2024 c\u1ee7a MIT v\u1ec1 b\u00e0i to\u00e1n \u0111\u1ecbnh tuy\u1ebfn ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i g\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y: d\u1eef li\u1ec7u chi ti\u1ebft h\u01a1n, c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n h\u00f3a h\u01a1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ecbnh tuy\u1ebfn, nh\u01b0ng m\u1ed7i r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c b\u1ed5 sung c\u0169ng khi\u1ebfn m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh t\u1ed1n k\u00e9m h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u00e0 kh\u00f3 tri\u1ec3n khai nhanh h\u01a1n. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho \u0111\u1ed9i xe v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a, t\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean, nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho SMT, n\u01a1i m\u1ed7i quy t\u1eafc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00eam v\u00e0o \u2014 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n khe c\u1eafm b\u1ed9 n\u1ea1p, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch v\u00f2i phun, c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ee3i, th\u1eddi gian thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp \u2014 bi\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf. Bu\u1ed5i ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n n\u0103m 2024 c\u1ee7a MIT v\u1edbi Matthias Winkenbach<\/a>. (tin t\u1ee9c.mit.edu<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Xe<\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

T\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a l\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t SMT<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt ph\u0169 ph\u00e0ng: vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a l\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean quan g\u00ec \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 tinh t\u1ebf. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn chu\u1ed7i thao t\u00e1c th\u1ef1c thi nhanh nh\u1ea5t trong c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c \u2014 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y m\u00f3c, logic c\u1ee7a d\u00f2ng bo m\u1ea1ch, t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng s\u1eb5n c\u00f3 c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9n d\u00e2y, v\u1ecb tr\u00ed l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t b\u1ed9 n\u1ea1p, vi\u1ec7c thay v\u00f2i phun, t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng chi\u1ebfm d\u1ee5ng b\u0103ng t\u1ea3i, kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ki\u1ec3m tra, th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u1ea1p l\u1ea1i v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh \u2014 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111an xen v\u00e0o nhau, b\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m c\u00f3 th\u00edch hay kh\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1eb9p m\u1eaft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u1ed9t t\u1ea5m m\u1ea1ch c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i theo l\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh m\u00e1y ng\u1eafn nh\u1ea5t nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn l\u00e0m t\u0103ng th\u1eddi gian chu k\u1ef3 v\u00ec n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t c\u1ed5ng ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111ang qu\u00e1 t\u1ea3i. M\u1ed9t l\u00f4 nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u201chi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3\u201d v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i v\u00f4 l\u00fd v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh v\u00ec n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ebfn d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n sai tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao t\u00f4i khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi chia v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 th\u00e0nh ba c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9: lu\u1ed3ng t\u1ea5m m\u1ea1ch, lu\u1ed3ng nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 lu\u1ed3ng ngo\u1ea1i l\u1ec7.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y quy tr\u00ecnh quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u1eefng g\u00ec s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0o v\u00e0 theo th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 ra sao. D\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y v\u1eadt t\u01b0 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh li\u1ec7u c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9n d\u00e2y, b\u1ed9 c\u1ea5p li\u1ec7u, v\u00f2i phun, xe \u0111\u1ea9y v\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1eadt t\u01b0 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn k\u1ecbp tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng thi\u1ebfu h\u1ee5t b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u hay kh\u00f4ng. D\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y x\u1eed l\u00fd s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec s\u1ebd x\u1ea3y ra khi t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n \u2014 \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn s\u1ebd x\u1ea3y ra. M\u1ecdi x\u01b0\u1edfng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec1u n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd mu\u1ed1n s\u1ef1 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh. Nh\u01b0ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, m\u1ecdi x\u01b0\u1edfng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u00e0 trong c\u00e1c m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00e0ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng h\u01a1n. M\u1ed9t b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch vi\u1ec5n th\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 linh ki\u1ec7n d\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7c v\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ki\u1ec3m tra kh\u1eaft khe h\u01a1n kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean b\u1ecb \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t logic \u0111\u1ecbnh tuy\u1ebfn nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec ai \u0111\u00f3 mu\u1ed1n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t m\u1eabu MES g\u1ecdn g\u00e0ng. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng l\u00fd do D\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t m\u1eabu th\u1eed v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1ecf b\u1eb1ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 h\u00e0n b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t (SMT)<\/a> c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh tuy\u1ebfn kh\u00e1c so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c tuy\u1ebfn c\u00f3 l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn. C\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i, nh\u01b0ng h\u00e0nh vi kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u00e2u l\u00e0 n\u01a1i th\u1eddi gian chu k\u1ef3 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 b\u1ecb th\u1ea5t tho\u00e1t tr\u00ean d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc, t\u00f4i t\u1eebng ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 \u0103n m\u1eebng v\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat qu\u00e3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng di chuy\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng, trong khi d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf l\u1ea1i \u0111ang b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng n\u1eb7ng n\u1ec1 do vi\u1ec7c b\u1ed5 sung nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u ch\u1eadm tr\u1ec5 v\u00e0 th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m th\u1ea3 b\u1ea3ng kh\u00f4ng h\u1ee3p l\u00fd. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu ch\u1ec9 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i tr\u00ean b\u1ea3ng t\u00ednh, trong khi tr\u00ean d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, th\u1eddi gian v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c b\u1ecb l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed \u1edf nh\u1eefng kh\u00e2u c\u0169 k\u1ef9 nh\u01b0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc. M\u1ed9t sai l\u1ea7m kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Th\u1eddi gian chu k\u1ef3 th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb r\u00f2 r\u1ec9 t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng kh\u00e2u nh\u1ecf nh\u1ea5t. Vi\u1ec7c thay \u0111\u1ed5i b\u1ed9 c\u1ea5p li\u1ec7u. Vi\u1ec7c \u0111i\u1ec1u ph\u1ed1i xe \u0111\u1ea9y. T\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a v\u00f2i phun. H\u00e0ng t\u1ed3n kho \u0111ang s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t (WIP) tr\u00e0n ng\u01b0\u1ee3c. Khu\u00f4n in ho\u1eb7c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 \u0111\u1ebfn mu\u1ed9n m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh \u01b0u ti\u00ean x\u1eed l\u00fd y\u00eau c\u1ea7u kh\u1ea9n c\u1ea5p nh\u1ea5t thay v\u00ec gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec3m ngh\u1ebdn th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u00e2u n\u00e0o trong s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y nghe c\u00f3 v\u1ebb h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 l\u1ebd l\u00e0 l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao ch\u00fang th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb b\u1ecf qua cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea1t m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

H\u00e3ng tin Reuters \u0111\u00e3 n\u00eau l\u00ean v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 tr\u00ean quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn h\u01a1n v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 1 n\u0103m 2024, khi t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1ea1i Bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u1ecf bu\u1ed9c m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tuy\u1ebfn v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb ch\u00e2u \u00c1 \u0111\u1ebfn B\u1eafc \u00c2u ph\u1ea3i k\u00e9o d\u00e0i th\u00eam kho\u1ea3ng 10 ng\u00e0y v\u00e0 ti\u00eau t\u1ed1n th\u00eam kho\u1ea3ng 1,4 tri\u1ec7u l\u00edt nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u. B\u00e0i b\u00e1o n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n \u201cn\u00f3i v\u1ec1 v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i bi\u1ec3n\u201d theo ngh\u0129a h\u1eb9p. N\u00f3 n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c m\u1ed9t tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u00f4ng c\u00f3 v\u1ebb hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 tr\u00ean gi\u1ea5y t\u1edd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng t\u1ed1n k\u00e9m ngay khi \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n thay \u0111\u1ed5i. Reuters \u0111\u01b0a tin v\u1ec1 chi ph\u00ed chuy\u1ec3n h\u01b0\u1edbng tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng qua Bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u1ecf<\/a> v\u00e0 Reuters n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o, qu\u00e3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ea1y kh\u00f4ng t\u1ea3i v\u00e0 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a l\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh<\/a>. (reuters.com<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u00e0i b\u00e1o th\u1ee9 hai c\u1ee7a Reuters \u0111\u00e3 tr\u00edch d\u1eabn nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a Di\u1ec5n \u0111\u00e0n Kinh t\u1ebf Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi cho th\u1ea5y kho\u1ea3ng 15% d\u1eb7m v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n b\u1eb1ng xe t\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1edf h\u00e0ng. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng d\u1eb7m \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ea1y r\u1ed7ng. Trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c SMT, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1: c\u00e1c chuy\u1ebfn xe ch\u1edf h\u00e0ng trung chuy\u1ec3n ch\u1ea1y r\u1ed7ng, c\u00e1c chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i b\u1ed5 sung h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 tr\u00f4ng c\u00f3 v\u1ebb b\u1eadn r\u1ed9n nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m ngh\u1ebdn th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u1ed1n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u1ea7n ch\u00fang tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Theo kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i, \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 l\u00fac t\u00ednh n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ecbnh tuy\u1ebfn th\u00f4ng minh ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh\u2014ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ee9ng minh r\u1eb1ng n\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 chi\u00eau tr\u00f2 ti\u1ebfp th\u1ecb su\u00f4ng. T\u00ednh n\u0103ng n\u00e0y c\u1ea7n lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n c\u00e1c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00f4 \u00edch. N\u00f3 c\u1ea7n gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng thi\u1ebfu h\u00e0ng. N\u00f3 c\u1ea7n ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n vi\u1ec7c nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ea1y theo nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Xe<\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Nh\u1eefng thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n quan tr\u1ecdng \u2014 v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

M\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi r\u1ea5t th\u00edch y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u00e1c thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t<\/strong> nh\u01b0 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t b\u00ean n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 lu\u00f4n l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng. Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i v\u1eady. C\u00e1ch suy ngh\u0129 \u0111\u00f3 th\u01b0\u1eddng xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp ch\u1ecbu \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c tri\u1ec3n khai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng di chuy\u1ec3n trong ph\u1ea1m vi h\u1eb9p, c\u00e1c thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 Dijkstra hay A* v\u1eabn c\u00f2n ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p. Ch\u00fang nhanh ch\u00f3ng, mang t\u00ednh x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 ki\u1ec3m ch\u1ee9ng. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 h\u1eefu \u00edch, nh\u01b0ng ph\u1ea1m vi \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u00f2n h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf. Khi th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c chuy\u1ec3n sang c\u00e1c t\u00e1c v\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 b\u1ed5 sung h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a t\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec3m d\u1eebng, \u0111i\u1ec1u ph\u1ed1i xe t\u1ef1 h\u00e0nh (AGV) ho\u1eb7c cung c\u1ea5p d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 theo th\u1eddi gian tr\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u m\u00e1y m\u00f3c, c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft b\u00e0i to\u00e1n \u0111\u1ecbnh tuy\u1ebfn ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n (VRP) s\u1ebd ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p h\u01a1n, b\u1edfi v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u00fac n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i duy nh\u1ea5t n\u1eefa, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 chu\u1ed7i c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p trong c\u00e1c khung th\u1eddi gian c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u1ed3i m\u1ecdi chuy\u1ec7n tr\u1edf n\u00ean t\u1ed3i t\u1ec7.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

S\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111a d\u1ea1ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m, c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn, vi\u1ec7c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean, t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ee3i bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng, c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p ngo\u1ea1i l\u1ec7 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd \u2014 \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 l\u00fac c\u00e1c thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n di truy\u1ec1n, logic \u0111\u00e0n ki\u1ebfn ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn th\u1ec3 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e0n ong b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ph\u00e1t huy t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng, b\u1edfi kh\u00f4ng gian t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm tr\u1edf n\u00ean ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c tr\u1edf n\u00ean ch\u1eadm ch\u1ea1p ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng kh\u1ea3 thi. Nh\u01b0ng ngay c\u1ea3 trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u00f3, t\u00f4i c\u0169ng s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng giao to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y cho m\u1ed9t h\u1ecd m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh duy nh\u1ea5t. Th\u00e0nh th\u1eadt m\u00e0 n\u00f3i, t\u00f4i tin r\u1eb1ng logic lai th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p h\u1ee3p l\u00fd: c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh kh\u1ea3 thi, c\u00e1c thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n heuristic \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9, v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c t\u00ednh to\u00e1n l\u1ea1i li\u00ean t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u00f3 v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

H\u1ecd thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n<\/th>N\u01a1i ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t<\/th>\u0110i\u1ec3m m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a n\u00f3<\/th>N\u01a1i th\u01b0\u1eddng hay b\u1ecb h\u1ecfng<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
Dijkstra \/ A*<\/td>C\u00e1c thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9 cho b\u0103ng t\u1ea3i, xe t\u1ef1 h\u00e0nh (AGV) ho\u1eb7c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y m\u00f3c<\/td>Nhanh ch\u00f3ng, c\u00f3 t\u00ednh x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh, d\u1ec5 ki\u1ec3m ch\u1ee9ng<\/td>Y\u1ebfu \u0111u\u1ed1i khi nh\u1eefng r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c v\u01b0\u1ee3t ra ngo\u00e0i gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a kh\u00f4ng gian v\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian<\/td><\/tr>
Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p heuristic VRP<\/td>V\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u qua nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec3m d\u1eebng v\u00e0 b\u1ed5 sung nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u cho b\u1ed9 c\u1ea5p li\u1ec7u<\/td>Ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p cho vi\u1ec7c \u0111i\u1ec1u ph\u1ed1i theo ki\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed9i xe v\u1edbi khung gi\u1edd c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3<\/td>C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecf s\u00f3t nh\u1eefng chi ti\u1ebft tinh t\u1ebf trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t n\u1ebfu m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh qu\u00e1 chung chung<\/td><\/tr>
Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p di truy\u1ec1n \/ ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p m\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng \u0111\u00e0n ki\u1ebfn \/ ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p m\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng \u0111\u00e0n ong<\/td>C\u00e1c thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n l\u1eadp l\u1ecbch s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111a d\u1ea1ng v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ea1nh tranh<\/td>T\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 trong c\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng gian gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p<\/td>Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh di\u1ec5n ra ch\u1eadm h\u01a1n, kh\u00f3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch h\u01a1n cho c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t<\/td><\/tr>
Ph\u00e2n c\u00f4ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean quy t\u1eafc<\/td>S\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh, l\u1eb7p \u0111i l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i<\/td>\u0110\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, d\u1ec5 d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n, chi ph\u00ed v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh th\u1ea5p<\/td>S\u1ef1 gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n do bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng, qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m ngh\u1ebdn<\/td><\/tr>
\u0110\u1ecbnh tuy\u1ebfn th\u00f4ng minh k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p<\/td>C\u00e1c d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n SMT hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u01b0u ti\u00ean thay \u0111\u1ed5i<\/td>C\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng gi\u1eefa t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9, t\u00ednh kh\u1ea3 thi v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u00edch \u1ee9ng<\/td>Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c h\u01a1n v\u00e0 c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd h\u01a1n<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

M\u1ed9t nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh n\u0103m 2024 tr\u00ean ScienceDirect v\u1ec1 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 l\u1eadp l\u1ecbch cho xe t\u1ef1 h\u00e0nh (AGV) trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u1eafp r\u00e1p b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch in (PCB) r\u1ea5t h\u1eefu \u00edch v\u00ec n\u00f3 xem ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t linh ki\u1ec7n v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c cung c\u1ea5p v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 li\u00ean k\u1ebft, thay v\u00ec hai l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf trong nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch s\u00e1t th\u1ef1c h\u01a1n. Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u n\u00e0y li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ed1n tr\u1ea1m l\u1eafp r\u00e1p SMM v\u00e0 59 t\u00e1c v\u1ee5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n c\u00f4ng cho c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb c\u1ea5p li\u1ec7u \u2014 ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i m\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n v\u1edbi ba t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec5u tr\u00ean d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n. Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh v\u1ec1 l\u1eafp r\u00e1p SMT n\u0103m 2024<\/a>. (sciencedirect.com<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u1ea1i sao vi\u1ec7c tri\u1ec3n khai th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i l\u1ea1i khi\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec1u d\u1ef1 \u00e1n th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i h\u01a1n c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng t\u00ednh to\u00e1n sai l\u1ea7m<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean, h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh tuy\u1ebfn m\u00e0 t\u00f4i t\u1eebng ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i do c\u00e1c thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n y\u1ebfu k\u00e9m g\u00e2y ra. Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 n\u1eb1m \u1edf s\u1ef1 thi\u1ebfu k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt. D\u1eef li\u1ec7u g\u1ed1c kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c. B\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 tuy\u1ebfn v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ed7i th\u1eddi. C\u00e1c m\u00e3 l\u1ed7i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c ca l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c. C\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc \u0111i\u1ec1u ph\u1ed1i b\u1ecb nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean b\u1ecf qua ngay khi \u00e1p l\u1ef1c t\u0103ng cao. B\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch t\u00ednh to\u00e1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0y nhanh ch\u00f3ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u0103n ph\u00f2ng T\u1ed5ng Thanh tra B\u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec7n Hoa K\u1ef3 (USPS) \u0111\u00e3 r\u00e0 so\u00e1t ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh T\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a Tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0110\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00e1 \u0111\u00e1ng lo ng\u1ea1i: m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn s\u1ebd ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m chi ph\u00ed, nh\u01b0ng 851 trong s\u1ed1 34 \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m tra v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n, 741 \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3 m\u1ee9c ph\u00ed tr\u00ean m\u1ed7i d\u1eb7m cao h\u01a1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y, v\u00e0 m\u1ee9c gi\u1ea3m qu\u00e3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1t 71 thay v\u00ec m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau 12,51. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh tri\u1ec3n khai, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u201c\u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i\u201d d\u01b0\u1edbi danh ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n. Cu\u1ed9c ki\u1ec3m to\u00e1n c\u1ee7a V\u0103n ph\u00f2ng Thanh tra T\u1ed5ng c\u1ee5c B\u01b0u ch\u00ednh Hoa K\u1ef3 (USPS OIG) v\u1ec1 T\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a Tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0110\u1ed9ng<\/a>. (uspsoig.gov<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n SMT. Ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh. M\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u g\u1eadt \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd. Trong hai tu\u1ea7n, b\u1ea3ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 quan t\u00e2m. Sau \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u00e2m th\u1ea7m b\u1ecf qua c\u00e1c \u01b0u ti\u00ean v\u00ec h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh \u0111\u00fang nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111ang di\u1ec5n ra t\u1ea1i d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, v\u00e0 ban qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd t\u1ef1 nh\u1ee7 r\u1eb1ng thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n \u201cc\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tinh ch\u1ec9nh\u201d trong khi v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 n\u1eb1m \u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o sai l\u1ec7ch c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c tri\u1ec3n khai thi\u1ebfu nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd coi vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n l\u00e0 chuy\u1ec7n v\u1eb7t v\u00e3nh. \u0110\u00e0o t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 sau b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng cho c\u00e1c d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n SMT<\/a> kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3\u2014n\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ecbnh tuy\u1ebfn. N\u1ebfu c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch, nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh, nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean x\u1eed l\u00fd v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng chia s\u1ebb c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t logic, \u0111\u1eebng mong \u0111\u1ee3i m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh s\u1ebd c\u1ee9u v\u00e3n t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Xe<\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 r\u00fat ng\u1eafn th\u1eddi gian chu k\u1ef3 th\u00f4ng qua t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a l\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebfn n\u00f3 th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m ch\u1ec9 nh\u1eb1m th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

V\u1eady t\u00f4i n\u00ean b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2u? Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i t\u1eeb c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n demo ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. M\u00e0 l\u00e0 t\u1eeb b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

H\u00e3y ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i c\u00e1c r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c th\u00e0nh hai nh\u00f3m: c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y m\u00f3c, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 n\u1ea1p, c\u00e1c h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf v\u1ec1 v\u00f2i phun, y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ki\u1ec3m tra \u2014 thu\u1ed9c nh\u00f3m c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh. T\u1ea7n su\u1ea5t b\u1ed5 sung nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u, th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch, m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 \u01b0u ti\u00ean h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3, ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng x\u1ebfp h\u00e0ng \u2014 th\u01b0\u1eddng thu\u1ed9c nh\u00f3m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y nghe c\u00f3 v\u1ebb c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n, nh\u01b0ng h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i l\u1ea1i nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn gi\u1eefa hai nh\u00f3m n\u00e0y, r\u1ed3i l\u1ea1i th\u1eafc m\u1eafc t\u1ea1i sao c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0a ra c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t v\u00f4 l\u00fd ho\u1eb7c tr\u1edf n\u00ean qu\u00e1 c\u1ee9ng nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap \u00edch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00ec.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sau \u0111\u00f3, h\u00e3y \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 c\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i theo nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 trong t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3ng c\u00e1o. H\u00e3y \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng r\u1ee7i ro thi\u1ebfu h\u1ee5t, t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ee3i, \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1ec5 khi chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i, th\u1eddi gian ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i sau s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1, \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1ec5 c\u1ee7a d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 c\u1ea5p ngu\u1ed3n v\u00e0 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u01a1i nhi\u1ec5m c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ec7m b\u1ecb t\u1eafc ngh\u1ebdn. L\u00fac n\u00e0y, v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ecbnh tuy\u1ebfn s\u1ebd tr\u1edf n\u00ean minh b\u1ea1ch h\u01a1n r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u00e0 xin \u0111\u1eebng \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ecb m\u00ea ho\u1eb7c b\u1edfi c\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 KPI c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Yamaha r\u00fat ng\u1eafn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n nh\u1ecf gi\u00e2y trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh di chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1eb7t s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i m\u1ea5t t\u1edbi ch\u00edn ph\u00fat m\u1ed7i ca l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u00ec h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u1ea5p li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch, th\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a. \u0110\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 tr\u00f2 \u1ea3o thu\u1eadt v\u1edbi con s\u1ed1 m\u00e0 th\u00f4i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Danh s\u00e1ch d\u1eef li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y c\u0169ng ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec l\u00e0 b\u00ed \u1ea9n c\u1ea3: c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u d\u00f2ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m, t\u1ecda \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed, b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 khe n\u1ea1p nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch v\u00f2i phun, l\u1ecbch s\u1eed th\u1eddi gian chu k\u1ef3 theo tr\u1ea1m, tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i h\u00e0ng t\u1ed3n kho \u0111ang s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, th\u1eddi gian ch\u1edd b\u1ed5 sung nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u, t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng s\u1eb5n c\u00f3 c\u1ee7a t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n, quy tr\u00ecnh t\u1ea1m gi\u1eef \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra, nh\u1eadt k\u00fd s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1. Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o. Ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf. S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00f4i s\u1ebd ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00e1n \u0111\u1ecbnh tuy\u1ebfn n\u00e0o d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf C\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a SMT<\/a> v\u00e0 c\u0103n ch\u1ec9nh n\u00f3 v\u1edbi ph\u1ea7n b\u00ean trong c\u00e1c \u01b0u ti\u00ean v\u1ec1 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng quy tr\u00ecnh<\/a>. So s\u00e1nh \u0111\u00f3 th\u01b0\u1eddng gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n nhanh ch\u00f3ng nh\u1eadn ra li\u1ec7u m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh c\u00f3 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n hay ch\u1ec9 \u0111ang \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc chung chung.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c khi t\u00ednh n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ecbnh tuy\u1ebfn th\u00f4ng minh th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean, b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c nh\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 b\u1ea3ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n. \u0110\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed tr\u00ean d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ecbnh tuy\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ec3 khi\u1ebfn khu v\u1ef1c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t tr\u00f4ng \u201chi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i\u201d h\u01a1n. M\u00e0 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m b\u1edbt s\u1ef1 h\u1ed7n lo\u1ea1n trong khu v\u1ef1c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t. Gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 thi\u1ebfu nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u. Gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng b\u0103ng t\u1ea3i b\u1ecb t\u1eafc ngh\u1ebdn. Gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u c\u00e1c l\u1ec7nh \u0111i\u1ec1u ph\u1ed1i kh\u1ea9n c\u1ea5p. C\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n th\u1eddi gian h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n c\u1ea5p li\u1ec7u. N\u0103ng su\u1ea5t \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01a1n. Gi\u1ea3m b\u1edbt t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng ph\u1ea3i \u201cch\u1eefa ch\u00e1y\u201d v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i ca l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m tra.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00f4i th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 tin r\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p SMT \u0111ang qu\u00e1 ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0o AI m\u00e0 l\u1ea1i xem nh\u1eb9 t\u00ednh k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt. Vi\u1ec7c l\u1eadp l\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh th\u00f4ng minh kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ph\u00e9p m\u00e0u. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 c\u00f3 k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 b\u1edfi d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ee7 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 tin c\u1eady v\u00e0 th\u00f3i quen v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ee7 v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec ngay c\u1ea3 khi m\u1ecdi vi\u1ec7c kh\u00f4ng di\u1ec5n ra nh\u01b0 k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch. Khi nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o, vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a l\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef th\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u00e0 s\u1ebd th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 mang l\u1ea1i l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

T\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a l\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a l\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn l\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh di chuy\u1ec3n v\u00e0 th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nhanh nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cho c\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch, nguy\u00ean v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u, b\u1ed9 c\u1ea5p li\u1ec7u, xe t\u1ef1 h\u00e0nh (AGV), nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111ang gia c\u00f4ng trong to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 c\u00e1c gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y m\u00f3c, c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ee3i, th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m b\u1ed5 sung nguy\u00ean v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 c\u00e1c r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a quy tr\u00ecnh. N\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u01a1n, qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m th\u1eddi gian ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng \u0111o\u1ea1n, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 gi\u00fap d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nhanh h\u01a1n v\u1edbi \u00edt gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n h\u01a1n v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e1c thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a l\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m th\u1eddi gian chu k\u1ef3 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e1c thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a l\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh gi\u00fap r\u00fat ng\u1eafn th\u1eddi gian chu k\u1ef3 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c, vi\u1ec7c giao nh\u1eadn nguy\u00ean v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3, nh\u1edd \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e1y m\u00f3c s\u1ebd m\u1ea5t \u00edt th\u1eddi gian h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch, cu\u1ed9n d\u00e2y, b\u1ed9 c\u1ea5p li\u1ec7u, nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh ho\u1eb7c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m ngh\u1ebdn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ch\u00fang lan r\u1ed9ng ra to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n. Trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, c\u00e1c thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n n\u00e0y gi\u00fap lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng thi\u1ebfu h\u1ee5t nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u, gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng t\u1eafc ngh\u1ebdn v\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf th\u1eddi gian ch\u1ebft \u1ea9n gi\u1ea5u gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng \u0111o\u1ea1n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i v\u00e0 c\u00e1c thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n \u0111\u1ecbnh tuy\u1ebfn l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e1c thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i t\u00ednh to\u00e1n c\u00e1ch m\u1ed9t m\u00e1y m\u00f3c, xe t\u1ef1 h\u00e0nh (AGV) ho\u1eb7c t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n di chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y sang \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c trong c\u00e1c gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n v\u1ec1 kh\u00f4ng gian v\u00e0 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh, trong khi c\u00e1c thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n l\u1eadp l\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1ch s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 cho nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c, chuy\u1ebfn giao h\u00e0ng ho\u1eb7c m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 \u01b0u ti\u00ean qua nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec3m d\u1eebng, khung th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 c\u00e1c r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c. M\u1ed9t b\u00ean gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 di chuy\u1ec3n. B\u00ean kia gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 lu\u1ed3ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p trong to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ecbnh tuy\u1ebfn ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t SMT kh\u00f4ng?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u00e0i to\u00e1n \u0111\u1ecbnh tuy\u1ebfn ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan m\u1eadt thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t SMT b\u1edfi v\u00ec c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ed9i xe v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m giao h\u00e0ng c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a vi\u1ec7c b\u1ed5 sung h\u00e0ng cho xe v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n, \u0111i\u1ec1u ph\u1ed1i xe \u0111\u1ea9y, di chuy\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a xe t\u1ef1 h\u00e0nh (AGV) v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c cung c\u1ea5p v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00fang th\u1eddi h\u1ea1n cho nhi\u1ec1u m\u00e1y m\u00f3c v\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u1ed1c th\u1eddi gian kh\u00e1c nhau. Khi c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00fang th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n th\u1eddi gian g\u1ea5p r\u00fat, logic c\u1ee7a b\u00e0i to\u00e1n VRP tr\u1edf n\u00ean h\u1eefu \u00edch tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp ngay t\u1ea1i x\u01b0\u1edfng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u1ea1n n\u00ean thu th\u1eadp nh\u1eefng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u n\u00e0o tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi tri\u1ec3n khai \u0111\u1ecbnh tuy\u1ebfn th\u00f4ng minh?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho vi\u1ec7c l\u1eadp l\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh th\u00f4ng minh bao g\u1ed3m th\u1eddi gian chu k\u1ef3 m\u00e1y, l\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 n\u1ea1p v\u00e0 v\u00f2i phun, tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ee3i, th\u1eddi gian ch\u1edd b\u1ed5 sung nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u, t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng s\u1eb5n c\u00f3 c\u1ee7a nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u, tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n v\u00e0 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p ngo\u1ea1i l\u1ec7; b\u1edfi v\u00ec n\u1ebfu thi\u1ebfu nh\u1eefng th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o n\u00e0y, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t l\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n l\u00e0 ng\u1eafn h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t l\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c thi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Vi\u1ec7c l\u1eadp l\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o d\u1eef li\u1ec7u th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf trong ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o c\u00e1c t\u1eadp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u1edbn h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 mu\u1ed1n r\u00fat ng\u1eafn th\u1eddi gian chu k\u1ef3 thay v\u00ec ch\u1ec9 ng\u1eafm nh\u00ecn c\u00e1c m\u00e0n h\u00ecnh ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, h\u00e3y xem l\u1ea1i Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t SMT tr\u1ecdn g\u00f3i<\/a>, nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u C\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a SMT<\/a>, v\u00e0 Li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169<\/a> \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 t\u1eebng d\u00f2ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m. \u0110\u00f3 th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 n\u01a1i b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi h\u1eefu \u00edch.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9 ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0o t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 m\u00e1y m\u00f3c m\u00e0 b\u1ecf qua m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf ch\u1eadm ch\u1ea1p v\u00e0 kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu h\u01a1n: vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ecbnh tuy\u1ebfn k\u00e9m s\u1ebd l\u00e0m k\u00e9o d\u00e0i th\u1eddi gian chu k\u1ef3. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ecbnh tuy\u1ebfn th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng trong quy tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t SMT v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":5851,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_gspb_post_css":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[839],"tags":[899,957,1179,1180,1122,1181],"class_list":["post-5845","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-turnkey-automation","tag-cycle-time-reduction","tag-pcb-assembly-automation","tag-route-optimization","tag-smart-routing","tag-smt-line-optimization","tag-vehicle-routing-problem"],"blocksy_meta":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pickandplacemachine.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5845","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pickandplacemachine.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pickandplacemachine.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pickandplacemachine.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pickandplacemachine.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5845"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/pickandplacemachine.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5845\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6351,"href":"https:\/\/pickandplacemachine.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5845\/revisions\/6351"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pickandplacemachine.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/5851"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pickandplacemachine.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5845"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pickandplacemachine.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5845"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pickandplacemachine.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5845"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}